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THE LAST YEARS of Ernest Hemingway and his tragic death have left many questions and secrets. Even today, it is not completely clear what the writer was sick with. We decided to publish some rare pictures of the death ceremony of Ernest Hemingway and some facts about his last days.
The last days of the colorful life
Ernest Hemingway has seen a lot of things in his life. He knew everything literally: WWI injuries, dramas, civil war, travel, world recognition, car races, lion hunts, women, bullfights, alcohol. Lots of alcohol. Many people won’t experience even a small part of what Hemingway passed through.
The last years of the writer’s life were hard for him. It was so hard that his last life, Mary, even said that ‘Ernest Hemingway was waiting for his death.’ The bright mind of this active and lively person was poisoned by depression. He could no longer work as much as he was used to. The love of alcohol was also not in vain – numerous diseases tormented the writer. Hemingway suffered from paranoia – he thought that the government was spying him. The electroshock treatment only exacerbated the problem, and he began to lose his memory. It was the most valuable treasure, as Hemingway used to say. Only in the 80s of the last century, the FBI declassified the writer’s case, which confirmed his agents’ pursuit.
Read more: Ernest Hemingway and His Cats (9 rare pictures)
A church where the Ernest Hemingway death ceremony was held
Father’s curse
“A real man cannot die in bed. He must either die in battle or put a bullet in the forehead.” That’s what Ernest Hemingway used to say about death. Who could know that it will become a prophecy?
It was the early morning of July 1961. Hemingway went out onto the veranda of his house, rested his chin on the barrel, and fired a bullet from his favorite gun. Tourists still come to the house where Hemingway died in Ketchum, Idaho.
Many biographers make the most mystical assumptions about the reasons for that fateful act. The version that Hemingway died of “inheritance” is especially popular. The writer’s father died similarly, having shot himself with a gun. Father’s death was a real shock for young Ernest Hemingway; he could not forgive his dad’s weakness. As if a terrible curse haunts the Hemingway family, and after his death, his younger brother and the writer’s granddaughter committed suicide.
Mary Welsh Hemingway walks towards the husband’s coffin.
FBI and the Death of Ernest Hemingway
The whole sequence of events and actions of doctors in Ketchum, wife Mary, psychiatrists in New York, and the Mayo Clinic in Rochester convinces us that none of them wanted to treat the patient’s condition comprehensively systematically. Neither Mary nor any of Hemingway’s friends, nor doctors tried to hear the writer. Yes, it wasn’t easy to make an accurate diagnosis. But we now have evidence that the FBI directly or indirectly influenced the doctors’ conclusions.
FBI management revealed an archive file of Ernest Hemingway 20 years after the death. It turned out that agents followed the writer since 1942.
John Edgar Hoover, who directed the FBI for 50 years, received confidential and secret messages about Hemingway’s activities and his entourage.
The FBI file contains details about the writer’s treatment at the Mayo Clinic in 1961 in Rochester. The agent reported to his superiors that Hemingway was at the medical center under George Savior. The report notes that the writer is being treated with an electric shock. We may assume that one of Hemingway’s doctors was an informants and, possibly, an FBI agent. The treatment methods and the burden on the patient were known to the experts of the special service. They could not help but understand that Hemingway’s health is under great threat.
Ernest Hemingway’s sons at father’s funeral
Photographer wasn’t allowed to come any closer
Hemingway’s house in Idaho
A restaurant where guests spent some time after the funeral of Ernest Hemingway
Hemingway with that gun
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A timeless icon, Ernest Hemingway gained popularity not only for his manhood prose and stormy life full of dangers. He was famous for his bright relationships with alcohol. He brought a second wind to American literature, But favorite alcohol cocktails of Hemingway – mojito, and daiquiri – gained even more popularity.
Hemingway never sat still. He fought during WWI, hunted lions, sharks, and German submarines, flew airplanes. Hem passed through fire and all kinds of disasters. He traveled across Africa, did boxing, went downhill skiing. He was the most popular cat-lover in the world. At the same time, Hemingway never stopped drinking alcohol, even at the front and during the prohibition.
Read more: All Pulitzer winning photos (1942-1967
“I want to explain why I drink. I’ve been writing since morning. Then I drank and then I took a little rest. Without alcohol, I’ll go crazy. You never stop thinking about what the hero will do next and what she will answer him, and he will tell her…”.
Hemingway rolls an alcohol party in Spain, 1958
“A man does not exist until he is drunk,” Hemingway said about alcohol. – You should drink like a man, not like a girl on the day of the first date”.
Hem persistently cultivated the supermacho image; for example, he claimed to have an affair with Mata Hari, Ingrid Bergman, the wife of an African leader and a Greek princess.
Cortina 1948. A conversation between Hemingway and Mary Welsh
‘There’s no Hemingway without alcohol’
“What’s stopping the writer? Booze, women, money, and ambition. And also the lack of booze, women, money, and ambition.”
Ernest Hemingway loved to travel across Europe and try local spirits. Hem did so during his trip to Italy in 1948. He drank a lot during his come-back trip to Spain in the 1950s.
His father committed suicide, and his mother sent him that gun in a package. At the end of his life, Hemingway began to suffer from a mental disorder. He could not write because of poor eyesight, and he could not drink because of his liver.
“Real men cannot die in bed. He must either die in battle or shoot a bullet in the forehead.”
One day, Hemingway decided to die as a man and shot himself in the mouth with a gun, pulling the trigger with his big toe.
Hemingway and alcohol through time: 1917-1920
Hemingway finished school and moved from Chicago to Kansas. He got his first job at the local newspaper Star. Very soon, a young journalist volunteers to participate in WWI. Hemingway was seriously wounded. During the long recuperation in the hospital in Italy, he praises the local wine: “Light, dry, red, hearty, like the house of a brother with whom you live in harmony.”
1920-1929
Hem continues a journalistic career in Chicago. Marries Elizabeth Hadley Richardson. Comes to Paris with his wife. Jed Kylie, Montmartre Bar Owner: “The guy was real Yankee – you could tell by the way he held the glass.”
1930-1939
Hemingway became famous for his novel Farewell to Arms! He continues a genius series with Death in the Afternoon, Green Hills of Africa, To Have Or Not To Have. During the civil war in Spain, Hemingway manages to get and drink alcohol regularly. A Soviet writer Ilya Ehrenburg said once: “Hemingway drank whiskey and all types of alcohol. I remember it was cold at night, and Hemingway set to walk without a coat. I told him to dress warmly, and he patted his pants pocket: “I’ve got fuel.” And showed two flasks. “
1940-1944
Hemingway marries Martha Gellhorn. He hunts for German submarines on a yacht with acoustic equipment. The writer organized his detachment of French anti-fascists and partisans and moved ahead of the army. He is one of the first to enter Paris. There he liberated the bar and drove a jeep from behind the front line to Place Vendome. Hemingway proclaimed there: “Martini to everyone!” and rolled huge booze.
1947-1954
Hemingway completed his novel “For Whom the Bell Tolls.” He married Mary Welch and settled in Cuba. Hemingway developed his alcohol twIn the morning he has a habit of drinking mojito – rum with lemon juice and mint, and in the evening, he switches to daiquiri – rum with crushed ice. In addition, he drank Chianti in the morning and wine for lunch.
1958-1961
Nervous breakdowns now occur more often. During the flight to Minnesota, Hem tried to open the hatch and jump out of the plane. During refueling on the ground, friends dragged away Hemingway from the rotating propeller. On July 2, 1961, the writer shot himself.
Hemingway with that’s gun
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]]>Сообщение Hemingway travel to Italy, 1948, in pictures появились сначала на Old Pictures.
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Ernest Hemingway confessed once that the main reason for his trip to Italy in 1948 was the inspiration. He wrote his previous masterpiece ‘For whom the Bell Tolls, nine years before, and the writer was desperately looking for the new creativity boost. Hemingway decided to visit places where he served during WW1, where he was injured, and the hospital where he fell in love for the first time.
In 1948 Italy overcame the consequences of the Mussolini rule, removed the fascism from their political system, and elected the democratic parliament just months before. An Interesting one: Mussolini didn’t like the novels of Hemingway, and publishers didn’t dare to translate his works into Italian. This ban had no place in post-war Italy.
During a windy November, Hemingway and his fourth wife Mary stayed in the tiny hotel the Locanda Cipriani in Torcello, not far from Venice, Italy. This isolated settlement counted several dozens of citizens. This location was famous for Cipriani’s founding and three buildings—the basilica, the church of Santa Fosca, and the baptistery—that are more than a thousand years old.
The spirits of the Hemingway trip to Italy
Hemingway liked Torcello so much that he devoted his short essay to it. The text starts with a wink: “For we, who love the lagoon, it makes no difference if Attila sat in the chair or if he did not. I doubt if he did. It is enough for me that Cipriani sat in it.” Hemingway mentions Attila the Hun, who raided this Italian region during the fifth century. Outside the cathedral is a stone bench that is associated with Attila’s Throne.
At 49, a genius writer still was an avid hunter. Of course, Hemingway didn’t miss an opportunity to shoot a few ducks during his stay in Italy.
A little writer’s trick
Also, Hemingway decided to endorse Giuseppe Cipriani, the owner of the Locanda, and Harry’s Bar in Venice. The writer mentioned him in the novel that came after Italian travels, Across the River, and into the Trees (1950). We can assume that the famous alcohol lover, Hemingway spent some good nights at this bar.
Hemingway recalled his Italian trip warmly as he got what he wanted. He met old friends and refreshed his creativity while visiting the places of his youth. He will repeat this inspiration trick at least once in the future when he’ll go to Spain for the second time.
Venice 1948.Hemingway on the Hotel Gritti terrace. On the background, the church of the Salute.
Cortina 1948. A conversation between Hemingway and Mary
Fossalta di Piave is the plaque-monument marking the place where Hemingway was wounded. The writer returned here with Fernanda Pivano in 1948, looking for the exact location where he contacted the Austrian artillery fire. He dug a tiny hole with a pen-knife and inserted thousand lire note to give back the pension he had received
Cortina, Hotel Concordia, October 12, 1948. Hemingway and Pivano in the room with fruit, flowers, and two bottles of Valpolicella.
Hemingway with baron Nanuk Franchetti
Ernest Hemingway among wine barrels, after appreciating Valpolicella and Amarone wines.
Cortina, Hotel Concordia, 1948. Hemingway reading
The Island of Torcello, 1948. Hemingway on a hunting trip.
Venice 1948. An athletic Hemingway getting off the gondola at the Hotel Gritti
Venice, 1948, Rialto market. Hemingway writing down the name of the fish
Venice 1948, Rialto Market, a curious Hemingway at the fish stands
Venezia 1948, Hemingway in gondola allo stazio dell’Hotel Gritti
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An unknown cameraman captured Ernest Hemingway during rehabilitation after his injury in WW1. A young writer couldn’t stand on his legs in a Hospital of Milan after the mortar fire wounded him.
Ernest Hemingway participated in WWI as a volunteer. Writer’s war history didn’t mean to be heroic as he served in Italy as an ambulance driver with the American Red Cross. In June 1918, while operating a mobile kitchen distributing chocolate and cigarettes for combatants, he was wounded by an Austrian shell explosion. “Then there was a flash, as when a blast-furnace door is twirled open, and a cry that started white and went red,” Hemingway recalled his injury in a letter home.
Hemingway ignored his wounds and transported an injured Italian officer to safety. He caught another bullet from the machine-guns while doing this heroic deed. Later Hemingway got the Silver Medal of Valor from the Italian Ministry of Defence for this historical episode.
How Hemingway recuperated after injury
Hemingway spent over a year in Europe but he fell in love with the Old Continent. He visited many European countries later, including Italy, Spain, and France, looking for inspiration and new characters for his books.
Hemingway remembered those events later in Men at War: “When you go to war as a kid, you have a high illusion of immortality. Other guys get killed; not you. . . . Then when you catch your bullet for the first time, you lose that illusion, and you know it can happen to you. After being severely wounded two weeks before my nineteenth birthday, I had a bad time until I figured out that nothing could happen to me that had not happened to all men before me. Whatever I had to do, men had always done. If they had done it, then I could do it too, and the best thing was not to worry about it.”
Rehabilitation took long six months in a Milan hospital. During that period, Hemingway fell in love with Agnes von Kurowsky, an American Red Cross nurse. The rumor has it that this Hospital of Milan was full of wine and cats, and injured soldiers spent their time with pets. Who knows, maybe those six months made Ernest Hemingway a famous cat-lover. This romantic event completed the transformation of Ernest Hemingway from a young boy from Oak Park, Illinois, to a different, adult man. WW1 granted him invaluable life experience that included combat and love. Changes in his character were exciting.
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Hemingway watching corrida, 1958
In 1958 Ernest Hemingway agreed to accomplish a short series of stories about two legendary matadors: Luis Miguel Dominguin and Antonio Ordonez. Jean-Claude Sauer was a lucky photographer who traveled with Hemingway to Spain, attended all corrida fights with him, and took amazing pictures of the Dangerous Summer of 1958.
This was the second trip of Ernest Hemingway to Europe after his travel to Italy in 1948.
A genius corrida lover
Everyone knows that Hemingway was a famous cat-lover and avid hunter, and it seems like he had some feelings for bulls too. The writer watched numerous fights featuring Dominguin and Ordonez, collecting the invaluable writer’s material to depict the intensity of their rivalry.
Jean-Claude Sauer was a photo reporter in a Paris based Match publication. He received his fortunate appointment for pictures of Hemingway in work due to the Match’s editor-in-chief friendship with genius writer. He sent a piece of his novel to Life magazine every two weeks. Jean-Claude Sauer took his historical pictures of Hemingway in Spain meanwhile.
Hemingway with glorious toreros
Hemingway and bullfight
Hemingway admired the cruel, bloody, dangerous art of bullfight since his first visit to Spain in the 1920s. The new trip to Spain was a very strange experience for the writer. He lived and loved it again, flashbacking to the Civil War time when he threw himself in the whirlpool of ‘history dramas and bullfighting.’
The new bullfighting season begins and with it a new round of confrontation between two toreros: the “rising star” of the bullfight of the young and fearless Antonio and of the experienced and unbeaten Louis Miguel’s failures.
The book gives us a chance to deepen our knowledge about corrida. And these pictures of bullfight adds an invaluable bit of experience that Hemingway wrote about. Every chapter, every line in the book was happening in the arena for real. Hemingway didn’t need to imagine anything. The author tells us about raising and training bulls, about the tricks that dishonest matadors resort to, about the protocol for bullfighting, about the award of trophies, about the working styles and methods of the torero … And he does it in so bright and unusual way that you feel your own presence in the arena. In addition, the writer presents us bullfighting as an art, comparing the matadors with writers and artists, that turn the death into art. And these picture sets are a great adding to Hemingway’s words.
Picasso attended some of the corrida fights with Hemingway
French poet Jean Cocteau watching corrida
Yul Brynner
Ordonez pulling bull
A high tension moment of bull pushing Luis Dominguin to the barrier
The bull is bleeding but still attacking
Dominguin knocked down, but still fighting
Glorious Ordonez is entering the pitch
Ordonez watching his opponent fight with a bull
Another famous matador – Cordobes
That’s how all corridas end when you do in Hemingway way
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Everyone knows Ernest Hemingway as a cat lover. But there was at least one cat which was killed by the writer’s love. The genius prosaic Ernest Hemingway was also an avid hunter. He traveled to Kenya in 1933 and spent three months on safari. A prominent writer, he left detailed memories about those days:
“Now it is pleasant to hunt something that you want very much over a long period of time, being outwitted, out-maneuvered, and failing at the end of each day, but having the hunt and knowing every time you are out that, sooner or later, your luck will change and that you will get the chance that you are seeking”.
After all, Hemingway’s male characters celebrated courage and masculinity, and in many cases, they could be called avid hunters. Maybe, it will be honest to say: he romanticized hunting to Americans. After all, he pictured his glory moment with a dead lion.
His novels “The Snows of Kilimanjaro” and “The Short Happy Life of Francis Macomber” both filled with men looking for adventure on African safaris, armed with rifles and ready to hunt down every animal (not only) they want.
No one goes home with a lion head to mount on their dental clinic wall. But only Hemingway could stay a cat lover after all this.
Until the last years of his life, Hemingway continued hunting adventures, hunting during travels to Europe in 1948, and not missing a chance to shoot in Spain in 1958.
Read more: Ernest Hemingway and His Cats
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