/*
 * Plugin Name: APCu Object Cache
 * Description: APCu backend for the WP Object Cache.
 * Based on Plugin named APCu Object Cache Backend
 * Plugin URI: https://wordpress.org/plugins/apcu/
 * Author: Pierre Schmitz
 * Author URI: https://pierre-schmitz.com/
 * Plugin URI: https://wordpress.org/plugins/apcu/
 *
 *
 * @Authors James Dugger, Jonathan Bardo
 * @copyright 2017 GoDaddy Inc. 14455 N. Hayden Road Scottsdale, Arizona
 */

$oc_logged_in = false;

foreach ( $_COOKIE as $k => $v ) {

	if ( preg_match( '/^comment_author|wordpress_logged_in_[a-f0-9]+|woocommerce_items_in_cart|PHPSESSID_|edd_wp_session|edd_items_in_cartcc_cart_key|ccm_token/', $k ) ) {

		$oc_logged_in = true;

		break;

	}

}

$oc_blocked_page = ( defined( 'WP_ADMIN' ) || defined( 'DOING_AJAX' ) || defined( 'XMLRPC_REQUEST' ) || 'wp-login.php' === basename( $_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME'] ) );

function wpaas_is_using_apcu() {

	return version_compare( PHP_VERSION, '5.6.0', '>=' ) && function_exists( 'apcu_fetch' );

}


if ( 'cli' !== php_sapi_name() && ! $oc_logged_in && ! $oc_blocked_page && wpaas_is_using_apcu() ) :

	/**
	 * Save the transients to the DB.  The explanation is a bit too long
	 * for code.  The tl;dr of it is that we don't have a single 'fast cache'
	 * source yet (like memcached) and so some long lived items like transients
	 * are still best cached in the db and then brought back into APC
	 *
	 * @param string  $transient
	 * @param mixed   $value
	 * @param int     $expire
	 * @param boolean $site = false
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 */
	function wpaas_save_transient( $transient, $value, $expire, $site = false ) {
		global $wp_object_cache, $wpdb;

		// The 'special' transient option names
		$transient_timeout = ( $site ? '_site' : '' ) . '_transient_timeout_' . $transient;
		$transient         = ( $site ? '_site' : '' ) . '_transient_' . $transient;

		// Cap expiration at 24 hours to avoid littering the DB
		if ( $expire == 0 ) {
			$expire = 24 * 60 * 60;
		}

		// Save to object cache
		$wp_object_cache->set( $transient, $value, 'options', $expire );
		$wp_object_cache->set( $transient_timeout, time() + $expire, 'options', $expire );

		// Update alloptions
		$alloptions                       = $wp_object_cache->get( 'alloptions', 'options' );
		$alloptions[ $transient ]         = $value;
		$alloptions[ $transient_timeout ] = time() + $expire;
		$wp_object_cache->set( 'alloptions', $alloptions, 'options' );

		// Use the normal update option logic
		if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
			$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
			$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
			if ( $site && is_multisite() ) {
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->sitemeta}` ( `option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload` ) VALUES ( %s, UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) + %d, 'yes' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );",
						$transient_timeout,
						$expire
					)
				);
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->sitemeta}` ( `option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload` ) VALUES ( %s, %s, 'no' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );",
						$transient,
						maybe_serialize( $value )
					)
				);
			} else {
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->options}` (`option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload`) VALUES ( %s, UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) + %d, 'yes' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );",
						$transient_timeout,
						$expire
					)
				);
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->options}` (`option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload`) VALUES ( %s, %s, 'no' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );",
						$transient,
						maybe_serialize( $value )
					)
				);
			}
			$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
		}

		return true;
	}

	function wpaas_prune_transients() {
		global $wpdb;

		if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb && function_exists( 'is_main_site' ) && function_exists( 'is_main_network' ) ) {

			$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
			$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );

			// Lifted straight from schema.php

			// Deletes all expired transients.
			// The multi-table delete syntax is used to delete the transient record from table a,
			// and the corresponding transient_timeout record from table b.
			$time = time();
			$wpdb->query( "DELETE a, b FROM $wpdb->options a, $wpdb->options b WHERE
		a.option_name LIKE '\_transient\_%' AND
		a.option_name NOT LIKE '\_transient\_timeout\_%' AND
		b.option_name = CONCAT( '_transient_timeout_', SUBSTRING( a.option_name, 12 ) )
		AND b.option_value < $time" );

			if ( is_main_site() && is_main_network() ) {
				$wpdb->query( "DELETE a, b FROM $wpdb->options a, $wpdb->options b WHERE
		a.option_name LIKE '\_site\_transient\_%' AND
		a.option_name NOT LIKE '\_site\_transient\_timeout\_%' AND
		b.option_name = CONCAT( '_site_transient_timeout_', SUBSTRING( a.option_name, 17 ) )
		AND b.option_value < $time" );
			}


			$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
		}
	}

	/**
	 * If another cache was flushed or updated, sync across all servers / processes using
	 * the database as the authority.  This uses the database as the authority for timestamps
	 * as well to avoid drift between servers.
	 * @return void
	 */
	function wpaas_init_sync_cache() {

		global $wpdb;

		if ( empty( $wpdb ) || ! ( $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) ) {

			return;

		}

		$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
		$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
		$result = $wpdb->get_results(
			"SELECT option_name, option_value FROM `{$wpdb->options}` WHERE option_name = 'gd_system_last_cache_flush' UNION SELECT 'current_time', UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) AS option_value;",
			ARRAY_A
		);
		$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );

		if ( empty( $result ) ) {

			return;

		}

		$master_flush = false;

		foreach ( $result as $row ) {

			switch ( $row['option_name'] ) {

				case 'current_time' :
					$current_time = $row['option_value'];
					break;

				case 'gd_system_last_cache_flush' :
					$master_flush = $row['option_value'];
					break;

			}

		}

		$local_flush = wp_cache_get( 'gd_system_last_cache_flush' );

		if ( false === $local_flush || $local_flush < $master_flush ) {

			wp_cache_flush( true );

			wp_cache_set( 'gd_system_last_cache_flush', $current_time );

		}

	}

	/**
	 * Start default implementation of object cache
	 */

	if ( ! defined( 'WP_APC_KEY_SALT' ) ) {

		define( 'WP_APC_KEY_SALT', '' );

	}

	function wp_cache_add( $key, $data, $group = '', $expire = 0 ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		if ( 'transient' == $group ) {
			wpaas_save_transient( $key, $data, $expire );

			return $wp_object_cache->add( "_transient_$key", $data, 'options', $expire );
		} elseif ( 'site-transient' == $group ) {
			wpaas_save_transient( $key, $data, $expire, true );

			return $wp_object_cache->add( "_site_transient_$key", $data, 'site-options', $expire );
		} else {
			return $wp_object_cache->add( $key, $data, $group, $expire );
		}
	}

	function wp_cache_incr( $key, $n = 1, $group = '' ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		return $wp_object_cache->incr2( $key, $n, $group );
	}

	function wp_cache_decr( $key, $n = 1, $group = '' ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		return $wp_object_cache->decr( $key, $n, $group );
	}

	function wp_cache_close() {
		return true;
	}

	function wp_cache_delete( $key, $group = '' ) {
		global $wp_object_cache, $wpdb;

		if ( 'transient' == $group ) {
			if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
				$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"DELETE FROM `{$wpdb->prefix}options` WHERE option_name IN ( %s, %s );",
						"_transient_{$key}",
						"_transient_timeout_{$key}"
					)
				);
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
			}

			$wp_object_cache->delete( "_transient_timeout_$key", 'options' );

			// Update alloptions
			$alloptions = $wp_object_cache->get( 'alloptions', 'options' );
			unset( $alloptions["_transient_$key"] );
			unset( $alloptions["_transient_timeout_$key"] );
			$wp_object_cache->set( 'alloptions', $alloptions, 'options' );

			return $wp_object_cache->delete( "_transient_$key", 'options' );
		} elseif ( 'site-transient' == $group ) {
			if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
				$table = $wpdb->options;
				if ( is_multisite() ) {
					$table = $wpdb->sitemeta;
				}
				$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"DELETE FROM `{$table}` WHERE option_name IN ( %s, %s );",
						"_transient_{$key}",
						"_transient_timeout_{$key}"
					)
				);
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
			}
			$wp_object_cache->delete( "_transient_timeout_$key", 'site-options' );

			// Update alloptions
			$alloptions = $wp_object_cache->get( 'alloptions', 'options' );
			unset( $alloptions["_site_transient_$key"] );
			unset( $alloptions["_site_transient_timeout_$key"] );
			$wp_object_cache->set( 'alloptions', $alloptions, 'options' );

			return $wp_object_cache->delete( "_site_transient_$key", 'site-options' );
		}

		return $wp_object_cache->delete( $key, $group );
	}

	function wp_cache_flush( $local_flush = false ) {
		global $wp_object_cache, $wpdb;

		if ( ! $local_flush ) {
			if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
				$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
				$wpdb->query( "INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->options}` (`option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload`) VALUES ( 'gd_system_last_cache_flush', UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ), 'no' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );" );
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
			}
		}

		return $wp_object_cache->flush();
	}

	function wp_cache_get( $key, $group = '', $force = false ) {
		global $wp_object_cache, $wpdb;

		if ( 'transient' == $group ) {
			$alloptions = $wp_object_cache->get( 'alloptions', 'options' );
			if ( isset( $alloptions["_transient_$key"] ) && isset( $alloptions["_transient_timeout_$key"] ) && $alloptions["_transient_timeout_$key"] > time() ) {
				return maybe_unserialize( $alloptions["_transient_$key"] );
			}
			$transient = $wp_object_cache->get( "_transient_$key", 'options', $force );
			$timeout   = $wp_object_cache->get( "_transient_timeout_$key", 'options', $force );
			if ( false !== $transient && ! empty( $timeout ) && $timeout > time() ) {
				return maybe_unserialize( $transient );
			}
			if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
				$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
				$result = $wpdb->get_results(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"SELECT option_name, option_value FROM `{$wpdb->options}` WHERE option_name IN ( %s, %s ) UNION SELECT 'current_time', UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) AS option_value;",
						"_transient_{$key}",
						"_transient_timeout_{$key}"
					),
					ARRAY_A
				);
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
				if ( ! empty( $result ) ) {
					$transient    = false;
					$timeout      = false;
					$current_time = time();
					foreach ( $result as $row ) {
						switch ( $row['option_name'] ) {
							case "_transient_$key" :
								$transient = $row['option_value'];
								break;
							case "_transient_timeout_$key" :
								$timeout = $row['option_value'];
								break;
							case 'current_time' :
								$current_time = $row['option_value'];
								break;
						}
					}
					if ( false !== $transient && ! empty( $timeout ) && $timeout > $current_time ) {
						return maybe_unserialize( $transient );
					}
				}
			}

			return false;
		} elseif ( 'site-transient' == $group ) {
			$transient = $wp_object_cache->get( "_site_transient_$key", 'options', $force );
			$timeout   = $wp_object_cache->get( "_site_transient_timeout_$key", 'options', $force );
			if ( false !== $transient && ! empty( $timeout ) && $timeout > time() ) {
				return maybe_unserialize( $transient );
			}
			if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
				$table = $wpdb->options;
				if ( is_multisite() ) {
					$table = $wpdb->sitemeta;
				}
				$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
				$result = $wpdb->get_results(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"SELECT option_name, option_value FROM `{$table}` WHERE option_name IN ( %s, %s ) UNION SELECT 'current_time', UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) AS option_value;",
						"_site_transient_{$key}",
						"_site_transient_timeout_{$key}"
					),
					ARRAY_A
				);
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
				if ( ! empty( $result ) ) {
					$transient    = false;
					$timeout      = false;
					$current_time = time();
					foreach ( $result as $row ) {
						switch ( $row['option_name'] ) {
							case "_site_transient_$key" :
								$transient = $row['option_value'];
								break;
							case "_site_transient_timeout_$key" :
								$timeout = $row['option_value'];
								break;
							case 'current_time' :
								$current_time = $row['option_value'];
								break;
						}
					}
					if ( false !== $transient && ! empty( $timeout ) && $timeout > $current_time ) {
						return maybe_unserialize( $transient );
					}
				}
			}

			return false;
		} else {
			return $wp_object_cache->get( $key, $group, $force );
		}
	}

	function wp_cache_init() {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		if ( mt_rand( 1, 100 ) == 42 ) {

			wpaas_prune_transients();

		}

		add_action( 'muplugins_loaded', 'wpaas_init_sync_cache' );

		$wp_object_cache = new APCu_Object_Cache();

	}

	function wp_cache_replace( $key, $data, $group = '', $expire = 0 ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		return $wp_object_cache->replace( $key, $data, $group, $expire );
	}

	function wp_cache_set( $key, $data, $group = '', $expire = 0 ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		if ( defined( 'WP_INSTALLING' ) == false ) {
			if ( 'transient' == $group ) {
				return wpaas_save_transient( $key, $data, $expire );
			} elseif ( 'site-transient' == $group ) {
				return wpaas_save_transient( $key, $data, $expire, true );
			} else {
				return $wp_object_cache->set( $key, $data, $group, $expire );
			}
		} else {
			return $wp_object_cache->delete( $key, $group );
		}
	}

	function wp_cache_switch_to_blog( $blog_id ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		return $wp_object_cache->switch_to_blog( $blog_id );
	}

	function wp_cache_add_global_groups( $groups ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		$wp_object_cache->add_global_groups( $groups );
	}

	function wp_cache_add_non_persistent_groups( $groups ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		$wp_object_cache->add_non_persistent_groups( $groups );
	}

	class GD_APCu_Object_Cache {

		private $prefix = '';
		private $local_cache = array();
		private $global_groups = array();
		private $non_persistent_groups = array();
		private $multisite = false;
		private $blog_prefix = '';

		public function __construct() {
			global $table_prefix;

			$this->multisite   = is_multisite();
			$this->blog_prefix = $this->multisite ? get_current_blog_id() . ':' : '';
			$this->prefix      = DB_HOST . '.' . DB_NAME . '.' . $table_prefix;
		}

		private function get_group( $group ) {
			return empty( $group ) ? 'default' : $group;
		}

		private function get_key( $group, $key ) {
			if ( $this->multisite && ! isset( $this->global_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				return $this->prefix . '.' . $group . '.' . $this->blog_prefix . ':' . $key;
			} else {
				return $this->prefix . '.' . $group . '.' . $key;
			}
		}

		public function add( $key, $data, $group = 'default', $expire = 0 ) {
			$group = $this->get_group( $group );
			$key   = $this->get_key( $group, $key );

			if ( function_exists( 'wp_suspend_cache_addition' ) && wp_suspend_cache_addition() ) {
				return false;
			}
			if ( isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) ) {
				return false;
			}
			// FIXME: Somehow apcu_add does not return false if key already exists
			if ( ! isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) && apcu_exists( $key ) ) {
				return false;
			}

			if ( is_object( $data ) ) {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = clone $data;
			} else {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = $data;
			}

			if ( ! isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				return apcu_add( $key, $data, (int) $expire );
			}

			return true;
		}

		public function add_global_groups( $groups ) {
			if ( is_array( $groups ) ) {
				foreach ( $groups as $group ) {
					$this->global_groups[ $group ] = true;
				}
			} else {
				$this->global_groups[ $groups ] = true;
			}
		}

		public function add_non_persistent_groups( $groups ) {
			if ( is_array( $groups ) ) {
				foreach ( $groups as $group ) {
					$this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] = true;
				}
			} else {
				$this->non_persistent_groups[ $groups ] = true;
			}
		}

		public function decr( $key, $offset = 1, $group = 'default' ) {
			if ( $offset < 0 ) {
				return $this->incr( $key, abs( $offset ), $group );
			}

			$group = $this->get_group( $group );
			$key   = $this->get_key( $group, $key );

			if ( isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) && $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] - $offset >= 0 ) {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] -= $offset;
			} else {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = 0;
			}

			if ( isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				return $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ];
			} else {
				$value = apcu_dec( $key, $offset );
				if ( $value < 0 ) {
					apcu_store( $key, 0 );

					return 0;
				}

				return $value;
			}
		}

		public function delete( $key, $group = 'default', $force = false ) {
			$group = $this->get_group( $group );
			$key   = $this->get_key( $group, $key );

			unset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] );
			if ( ! isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				return apcu_delete( $key );
			}

			return true;
		}

		public function flush() {
			$this->local_cache = array();
			// TODO: only clear our own entries
			apcu_clear_cache();

			return true;
		}

		public function get( $key, $group = 'default', $force = false, &$found = null ) {
			$group = $this->get_group( $group );
			$key   = $this->get_key( $group, $key );

			if ( ! $force && isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) ) {
				$found = true;
				if ( is_object( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) ) {
					return clone $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ];
				} else {
					return $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ];
				}
			} elseif ( isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				$found = false;

				return false;
			} else {
				$value = @apcu_fetch( $key, $found );
				if ( $found ) {
					if ( $force ) {
						$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = $value;
					}

					return $value;
				} else {
					return false;
				}
			}
		}

		public function incr2( $key, $offset = 1, $group = 'default' ) {
			if ( $offset < 0 ) {
				return $this->decr( $key, abs( $offset ), $group );
			}

			$group = $this->get_group( $group );
			$key   = $this->get_key( $group, $key );

			if ( isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) && $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] + $offset >= 0 ) {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] += $offset;
			} else {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = 0;
			}

			if ( isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				return $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ];
			} else if ( function_exists( 'apcu_inc' ) ) {
				$value = apcu_inc( $key, $offset );
				if ( $value < 0 ) {
					apcu_store( $key, 0 );

					return 0;
				}

				return $value;
			}

			return false;
		}

		public function replace( $key, $data, $group = 'default', $expire = 0 ) {
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	<title>Архивы Eisenhower - Old Pictures</title>
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		<title>Serious steps of Eisenhower and Kennedy, 1961</title>
		<link>https://oldpics.net/serious-steps-of-eisenhower-and-kennedy-1961/</link>
					<comments>https://oldpics.net/serious-steps-of-eisenhower-and-kennedy-1961/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Piper]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 22 Aug 2020 14:55:47 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Photo of a day]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[1960s]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Eisenhower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Kennedy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[US]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://oldpics.net/?p=4637</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Paul Vathis captured two presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy during their meeting at Camp David residence in 1961. Politicians met to discuss the...</p>
<p>Сообщение <a rel="nofollow" href="https://oldpics.net/serious-steps-of-eisenhower-and-kennedy-1961/">Serious steps of Eisenhower and Kennedy, 1961</a> появились сначала на <a rel="nofollow" href="https://oldpics.net">Old Pictures</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><img loading="lazy" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-4644" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/President-John-F.-Kennedy-left-walking-a-path-at-Camp-David-with-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-on-April-22-1961.-.jpg" alt="Serious steps of John Kennedy and Dwight Eisenhower" width="2048" height="1365" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/President-John-F.-Kennedy-left-walking-a-path-at-Camp-David-with-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-on-April-22-1961.-.jpg 2048w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/President-John-F.-Kennedy-left-walking-a-path-at-Camp-David-with-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-on-April-22-1961.--300x200.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/President-John-F.-Kennedy-left-walking-a-path-at-Camp-David-with-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-on-April-22-1961.--1024x683.jpg 1024w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/President-John-F.-Kennedy-left-walking-a-path-at-Camp-David-with-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-on-April-22-1961.--768x512.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/President-John-F.-Kennedy-left-walking-a-path-at-Camp-David-with-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-on-April-22-1961.--1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/President-John-F.-Kennedy-left-walking-a-path-at-Camp-David-with-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-on-April-22-1961.--360x240.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px" />Paul Vathis captured two presidents Eisenhower and Kennedy during their meeting at Camp David residence in 1961. Politicians met to discuss the foreign affairs challenges that the US faced during the early 1960s. Eisenhower advised Kennedy to take some serious steps to show USSR that they have no power in the Western Hemisphere. Here’s how Vathis named this photo ‘Serious steps.’</span></p>
<h4><a href="https://oldpics.net/all-pulitzer-prize-photos-1942-1967/">Read more: All Pulitzer Winning Photos (1942-1967)</a></h4>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">‘Serious steps’ image won</span><span style="font-weight: 400;"> the Pulitzer Prize in the Photography section right next year. Paul Vathis joined a company of Pulitzer marked photographers like <a href="https://oldpics.net/andrea-doria-sinking-in-pictures-pulitzer-prize-1957/">Harry Trask</a>, </span><span style="font-weight: 400;"><a href="https://oldpics.net/pulitzer-prize-photography-homecoming-by-earle-bunker/">Earle Bunker</a>, and <a href="https://oldpics.net/pulitzer-prize-photography-water-by-frank-noel-1943/">Frank Noel</a>.</span></p>
<h3>Why Kennedy asked Eisenhower for advice</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">It was the first year of Kennedy’s presidency. The spring of 1961 was tough for him. The operation in Cuba’s Bay of Pigs failed miserably just a few weeks ago. Here’s why Kennedy requested a piece of advice from the former Dwight Eisenhower. <a href="https://oldpics.net/eisenhower-and-khrushchev-meetings-in-pictures/">Ike met with soviet ruler Nikita Khrushchev</a> a few times and perfectly knew how to deal with him.</span></p>
<h3>The story of Camp David</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The Camp David residency was a special place for President Eisenhower, and this why John Kennedy decided to meet with him there. It was a Navy installation, opened in 1938 as Camp Hi-Catoctin. One hundred eighty acres of public land set aside as an address for government representatives.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Franklin D. Roosevelt was the first president to start using Camp David as an official residency. He wanted to escape the moist climate of Washington, which had taken a toll on his sinuses. Here&#8217;s why the administration was looking for nearby locations within 100 miles of Washington. After all, government decided to use the site on Maryland’s Catoctin Mountain. The conversion cost back then: $18,650, according to the National Park Service.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">President Eisenhower named the Camp David residency after his great son. He used to spend a lot of time with his family during his presidential terms. <a href="https://www.jfklibrary.org">Kennedy knew this detail</a> for sure and decided to get Eisenhower back to this lovely location for the last time.</span></p>
<div id="attachment_4642" style="width: 1010px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4642" loading="lazy" class="wp-image-4642 size-full" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/President-John-F.-Kennedy-and-former-President-General-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-meet.jpg" alt="Presidents are smiling for the cameras at Camp David residency" width="1000" height="991" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/President-John-F.-Kennedy-and-former-President-General-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-meet.jpg 1000w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/President-John-F.-Kennedy-and-former-President-General-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-meet-300x297.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/President-John-F.-Kennedy-and-former-President-General-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-meet-150x150.jpg 150w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/President-John-F.-Kennedy-and-former-President-General-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-meet-768x761.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/President-John-F.-Kennedy-and-former-President-General-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-meet-360x357.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /><p id="caption-attachment-4642" class="wp-caption-text">President John F. Kennedy and former President General Dwight D. Eisenhower.</p></div>
<div id="attachment_4643" style="width: 936px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4643" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-4643" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/President-John-F.-Kennedy-greets-former-President-General-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-at-Camp-David.jpg" alt="President John F. Kennedy greets former President General Dwight D. Eisenhower at Camp David" width="926" height="1000" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/President-John-F.-Kennedy-greets-former-President-General-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-at-Camp-David.jpg 926w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/President-John-F.-Kennedy-greets-former-President-General-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-at-Camp-David-278x300.jpg 278w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/President-John-F.-Kennedy-greets-former-President-General-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-at-Camp-David-768x829.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/President-John-F.-Kennedy-greets-former-President-General-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-at-Camp-David-360x389.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 926px) 100vw, 926px" /><p id="caption-attachment-4643" class="wp-caption-text">The presidential greetings.</p></div>
<div id="attachment_4640" style="width: 1010px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4640" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-4640" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/A-large-group-of-photographers-and-members-of-the-press-gather-to-observe-a-meeting-of-President-John-F.-Kennedy-and-former-President-General-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-at-Camp-David.jpg" alt="A large group of photographers and members of the press gather to observe a meeting of President John F. Kennedy and former President General Dwight D. Eisenhower at Camp David" width="1000" height="786" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/A-large-group-of-photographers-and-members-of-the-press-gather-to-observe-a-meeting-of-President-John-F.-Kennedy-and-former-President-General-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-at-Camp-David.jpg 1000w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/A-large-group-of-photographers-and-members-of-the-press-gather-to-observe-a-meeting-of-President-John-F.-Kennedy-and-former-President-General-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-at-Camp-David-300x236.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/A-large-group-of-photographers-and-members-of-the-press-gather-to-observe-a-meeting-of-President-John-F.-Kennedy-and-former-President-General-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-at-Camp-David-768x604.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/A-large-group-of-photographers-and-members-of-the-press-gather-to-observe-a-meeting-of-President-John-F.-Kennedy-and-former-President-General-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-at-Camp-David-360x283.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /><p id="caption-attachment-4640" class="wp-caption-text">A large group of photographers and members of the press gather to observe a meeting of President John F. Kennedy and former President General Dwight D. Eisenhower at Camp David</p></div>
<div id="attachment_4639" style="width: 1010px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4639" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-4639" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/President-John-F.-Kennedy-and-former-President-General-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-walk-past-Dogwood-Cabin-while-talking-privately-during-their-meeting-at-Camp-David.jpg" alt="President John F. Kennedy and former President General Dwight D. Eisenhower walk past Dogwood Cabin while talking privately during their meeting at Camp David" width="1000" height="790" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/President-John-F.-Kennedy-and-former-President-General-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-walk-past-Dogwood-Cabin-while-talking-privately-during-their-meeting-at-Camp-David.jpg 1000w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/President-John-F.-Kennedy-and-former-President-General-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-walk-past-Dogwood-Cabin-while-talking-privately-during-their-meeting-at-Camp-David-300x237.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/President-John-F.-Kennedy-and-former-President-General-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-walk-past-Dogwood-Cabin-while-talking-privately-during-their-meeting-at-Camp-David-768x607.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/President-John-F.-Kennedy-and-former-President-General-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-walk-past-Dogwood-Cabin-while-talking-privately-during-their-meeting-at-Camp-David-360x284.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /><p id="caption-attachment-4639" class="wp-caption-text">President John F. Kennedy and former President General Dwight D. Eisenhower walk past Dogwood Cabin while talking privately during their meeting at Camp David</p></div>
<div id="attachment_4638" style="width: 1010px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4638" loading="lazy" class="wp-image-4638 size-full" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/President-John-F.-Kennedy-and-former-President-General-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-meet-at-Camp-David-.jpg" alt="Two presidents having great time" width="1000" height="783" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/President-John-F.-Kennedy-and-former-President-General-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-meet-at-Camp-David-.jpg 1000w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/President-John-F.-Kennedy-and-former-President-General-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-meet-at-Camp-David--300x235.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/President-John-F.-Kennedy-and-former-President-General-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-meet-at-Camp-David--768x601.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/President-John-F.-Kennedy-and-former-President-General-Dwight-D.-Eisenhower-meet-at-Camp-David--360x282.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px" /><p id="caption-attachment-4638" class="wp-caption-text">President John F. Kennedy and former President General Dwight D. Eisenhower meet at Camp David,</p></div>
<p>Сообщение <a rel="nofollow" href="https://oldpics.net/serious-steps-of-eisenhower-and-kennedy-1961/">Serious steps of Eisenhower and Kennedy, 1961</a> появились сначала на <a rel="nofollow" href="https://oldpics.net">Old Pictures</a>.</p>
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		<item>
		<title>Eisenhower and Khrushchev meetings in pictures</title>
		<link>https://oldpics.net/eisenhower-and-khrushchev-meetings-in-pictures/</link>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Piper]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 17 Aug 2020 14:50:42 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Stories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[1950s]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Eisenhower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Khrushchev]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[US]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Eisenhower and Khrushchev both came to power in 1953. Dwight D. Eisenhower became the president of the United States in January, and...</p>
<p>Сообщение <a rel="nofollow" href="https://oldpics.net/eisenhower-and-khrushchev-meetings-in-pictures/">Eisenhower and Khrushchev meetings in pictures</a> появились сначала на <a rel="nofollow" href="https://oldpics.net">Old Pictures</a>.</p>
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										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><img loading="lazy" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-4617" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/the-evil-red-empire-nikita-khrushchev-dwight-eisenhower-washington-dc.jpg" alt="US and USSR leaders in Washington" width="944" height="619" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/the-evil-red-empire-nikita-khrushchev-dwight-eisenhower-washington-dc.jpg 944w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/the-evil-red-empire-nikita-khrushchev-dwight-eisenhower-washington-dc-300x197.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/the-evil-red-empire-nikita-khrushchev-dwight-eisenhower-washington-dc-768x504.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/the-evil-red-empire-nikita-khrushchev-dwight-eisenhower-washington-dc-360x236.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 944px) 100vw, 944px" />Eisenhower and Khrushchev both came to power in 1953. Dwight D. Eisenhower became the president of the United States in January, and Stalin died in March. Then Nikita Khrushchev came to power in the USSR as a result of the internal party struggle. He became the first secretary of the Central Committee in September of the same year.</span></p>
<p>The <a href="https://oldpics.net/raising-a-flag-over-the-reichstag-by-yevgeniy-khaldei1945/">glorious victory in WW2</a> left in the past. The Cold war was on the agenda.</p>
<h3><span style="font-weight: 400;"><img loading="lazy" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-4618" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Eisenhower-and-Khrushchev-meetings-in-pictures.jpg" alt="Eisenhower and Khrushchev meeting in Geneva" width="2000" height="1437" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Eisenhower-and-Khrushchev-meetings-in-pictures.jpg 2000w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Eisenhower-and-Khrushchev-meetings-in-pictures-300x216.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Eisenhower-and-Khrushchev-meetings-in-pictures-1024x736.jpg 1024w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Eisenhower-and-Khrushchev-meetings-in-pictures-768x552.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Eisenhower-and-Khrushchev-meetings-in-pictures-1536x1104.jpg 1536w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Eisenhower-and-Khrushchev-meetings-in-pictures-360x259.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 2000px) 100vw, 2000px" /></span></h3>
<h3>Eisenhower and Khrushchev meet in Europe.</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The first meeting of the new leaders took place two years later &#8211; on July 18, 1955, in Geneva. The leaders of Great Britain and France also attended this summit. Relations between the two countries remained chilly during the reign of Eisenhower and Khrushchev.</span></p>
<p><img loading="lazy" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-4614" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/eisenhower-and-khrushchev-at-Сamp-David.jpg" alt="Eisenhower and Khrushchev at Сamp David" width="1050" height="832" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/eisenhower-and-khrushchev-at-Сamp-David.jpg 1050w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/eisenhower-and-khrushchev-at-Сamp-David-300x238.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/eisenhower-and-khrushchev-at-Сamp-David-1024x811.jpg 1024w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/eisenhower-and-khrushchev-at-Сamp-David-768x609.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/eisenhower-and-khrushchev-at-Сamp-David-360x285.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 1050px) 100vw, 1050px" /></p>
<h3>The spirit of the Camp David meeting</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Camp David was a weekend residence of the US presidents since Franklin Roosevelt. Later it became a location for the international meetings. Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev visited this place in September 1959. Khrushchev had doubts about this location because Camp David wasn&#8217;t widely known. He guessed it appeared like a place where &#8220;stray hounds were sent to die.&#8221;</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Nonetheless, Eisenhower and Khrushchev met at Camp David. Eisenhower remembered this meeting contributed little in terms of developing international relations. The only result of this meeting was a new phrase: the &#8220;Spirit of Camp David. The US president later confessed he wasn&#8217;t sure what the phrase meant. It was something close to walk and talk together without being mutually abusive.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Although Soviet diplomacy found its use for this expression, it became a standard <a href="https://www.politico.com/story/2012/07/eisenhower-and-khrushchev-clash-over-cuba-078209">condemn phrase to any Western action they disliked</a>. In other words, any activity that &#8220;violated the spirit of Camp David.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Interstengly, this cold war diplomacy experience brought President Eisenhower back to Camp David a year later. In April 1961 he met President Kennedy there to analyze the lost Bay of Pigs operation. JFK recalled that Ike&#8217;s insights were more helpful and packed than all the recommendations of his administration.</span><img loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-4616" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Grammarly-1.jpg" alt="Leaders with their first ladies" width="1160" height="629" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Grammarly-1.jpg 1160w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Grammarly-1-300x163.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Grammarly-1-1024x555.jpg 1024w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Grammarly-1-768x416.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Grammarly-1-360x195.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 1160px) 100vw, 1160px" /></p>

Leaders with their first ladies, 1959

<div id="attachment_4615" style="width: 1098px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4615" loading="lazy" class=" wp-image-4615" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/eisenhower-and-khrushchev-1959.jpg" alt="Eisenhower and Khrushchev, 1959" width="1088" height="825" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/eisenhower-and-khrushchev-1959.jpg 550w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/eisenhower-and-khrushchev-1959-300x227.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/eisenhower-and-khrushchev-1959-360x273.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 1088px) 100vw, 1088px" /><p id="caption-attachment-4615" class="wp-caption-text">Eisenhower and Khrushchev, 1959</p></div>
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