/*
* Plugin Name: APCu Object Cache
* Description: APCu backend for the WP Object Cache.
* Based on Plugin named APCu Object Cache Backend
* Plugin URI: https://wordpress.org/plugins/apcu/
* Author: Pierre Schmitz
* Author URI: https://pierre-schmitz.com/
* Plugin URI: https://wordpress.org/plugins/apcu/
*
*
* @Authors James Dugger, Jonathan Bardo
* @copyright 2017 GoDaddy Inc. 14455 N. Hayden Road Scottsdale, Arizona
*/
$oc_logged_in = false;
foreach ( $_COOKIE as $k => $v ) {
if ( preg_match( '/^comment_author|wordpress_logged_in_[a-f0-9]+|woocommerce_items_in_cart|PHPSESSID_|edd_wp_session|edd_items_in_cartcc_cart_key|ccm_token/', $k ) ) {
$oc_logged_in = true;
break;
}
}
$oc_blocked_page = ( defined( 'WP_ADMIN' ) || defined( 'DOING_AJAX' ) || defined( 'XMLRPC_REQUEST' ) || 'wp-login.php' === basename( $_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME'] ) );
function wpaas_is_using_apcu() {
return version_compare( PHP_VERSION, '5.6.0', '>=' ) && function_exists( 'apcu_fetch' );
}
if ( 'cli' !== php_sapi_name() && ! $oc_logged_in && ! $oc_blocked_page && wpaas_is_using_apcu() ) :
/**
* Save the transients to the DB. The explanation is a bit too long
* for code. The tl;dr of it is that we don't have a single 'fast cache'
* source yet (like memcached) and so some long lived items like transients
* are still best cached in the db and then brought back into APC
*
* @param string $transient
* @param mixed $value
* @param int $expire
* @param boolean $site = false
*
* @return bool
*/
function wpaas_save_transient( $transient, $value, $expire, $site = false ) {
global $wp_object_cache, $wpdb;
// The 'special' transient option names
$transient_timeout = ( $site ? '_site' : '' ) . '_transient_timeout_' . $transient;
$transient = ( $site ? '_site' : '' ) . '_transient_' . $transient;
// Cap expiration at 24 hours to avoid littering the DB
if ( $expire == 0 ) {
$expire = 24 * 60 * 60;
}
// Save to object cache
$wp_object_cache->set( $transient, $value, 'options', $expire );
$wp_object_cache->set( $transient_timeout, time() + $expire, 'options', $expire );
// Update alloptions
$alloptions = $wp_object_cache->get( 'alloptions', 'options' );
$alloptions[ $transient ] = $value;
$alloptions[ $transient_timeout ] = time() + $expire;
$wp_object_cache->set( 'alloptions', $alloptions, 'options' );
// Use the normal update option logic
if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
if ( $site && is_multisite() ) {
$wpdb->query(
$wpdb->prepare(
"INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->sitemeta}` ( `option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload` ) VALUES ( %s, UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) + %d, 'yes' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );",
$transient_timeout,
$expire
)
);
$wpdb->query(
$wpdb->prepare(
"INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->sitemeta}` ( `option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload` ) VALUES ( %s, %s, 'no' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );",
$transient,
maybe_serialize( $value )
)
);
} else {
$wpdb->query(
$wpdb->prepare(
"INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->options}` (`option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload`) VALUES ( %s, UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) + %d, 'yes' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );",
$transient_timeout,
$expire
)
);
$wpdb->query(
$wpdb->prepare(
"INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->options}` (`option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload`) VALUES ( %s, %s, 'no' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );",
$transient,
maybe_serialize( $value )
)
);
}
$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
}
return true;
}
function wpaas_prune_transients() {
global $wpdb;
if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb && function_exists( 'is_main_site' ) && function_exists( 'is_main_network' ) ) {
$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
// Lifted straight from schema.php
// Deletes all expired transients.
// The multi-table delete syntax is used to delete the transient record from table a,
// and the corresponding transient_timeout record from table b.
$time = time();
$wpdb->query( "DELETE a, b FROM $wpdb->options a, $wpdb->options b WHERE
a.option_name LIKE '\_transient\_%' AND
a.option_name NOT LIKE '\_transient\_timeout\_%' AND
b.option_name = CONCAT( '_transient_timeout_', SUBSTRING( a.option_name, 12 ) )
AND b.option_value < $time" );
if ( is_main_site() && is_main_network() ) {
$wpdb->query( "DELETE a, b FROM $wpdb->options a, $wpdb->options b WHERE
a.option_name LIKE '\_site\_transient\_%' AND
a.option_name NOT LIKE '\_site\_transient\_timeout\_%' AND
b.option_name = CONCAT( '_site_transient_timeout_', SUBSTRING( a.option_name, 17 ) )
AND b.option_value < $time" );
}
$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
}
}
/**
* If another cache was flushed or updated, sync across all servers / processes using
* the database as the authority. This uses the database as the authority for timestamps
* as well to avoid drift between servers.
* @return void
*/
function wpaas_init_sync_cache() {
global $wpdb;
if ( empty( $wpdb ) || ! ( $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) ) {
return;
}
$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
$result = $wpdb->get_results(
"SELECT option_name, option_value FROM `{$wpdb->options}` WHERE option_name = 'gd_system_last_cache_flush' UNION SELECT 'current_time', UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) AS option_value;",
ARRAY_A
);
$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
if ( empty( $result ) ) {
return;
}
$master_flush = false;
foreach ( $result as $row ) {
switch ( $row['option_name'] ) {
case 'current_time' :
$current_time = $row['option_value'];
break;
case 'gd_system_last_cache_flush' :
$master_flush = $row['option_value'];
break;
}
}
$local_flush = wp_cache_get( 'gd_system_last_cache_flush' );
if ( false === $local_flush || $local_flush < $master_flush ) {
wp_cache_flush( true );
wp_cache_set( 'gd_system_last_cache_flush', $current_time );
}
}
/**
* Start default implementation of object cache
*/
if ( ! defined( 'WP_APC_KEY_SALT' ) ) {
define( 'WP_APC_KEY_SALT', '' );
}
function wp_cache_add( $key, $data, $group = '', $expire = 0 ) {
global $wp_object_cache;
if ( 'transient' == $group ) {
wpaas_save_transient( $key, $data, $expire );
return $wp_object_cache->add( "_transient_$key", $data, 'options', $expire );
} elseif ( 'site-transient' == $group ) {
wpaas_save_transient( $key, $data, $expire, true );
return $wp_object_cache->add( "_site_transient_$key", $data, 'site-options', $expire );
} else {
return $wp_object_cache->add( $key, $data, $group, $expire );
}
}
function wp_cache_incr( $key, $n = 1, $group = '' ) {
global $wp_object_cache;
return $wp_object_cache->incr2( $key, $n, $group );
}
function wp_cache_decr( $key, $n = 1, $group = '' ) {
global $wp_object_cache;
return $wp_object_cache->decr( $key, $n, $group );
}
function wp_cache_close() {
return true;
}
function wp_cache_delete( $key, $group = '' ) {
global $wp_object_cache, $wpdb;
if ( 'transient' == $group ) {
if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
$wpdb->query(
$wpdb->prepare(
"DELETE FROM `{$wpdb->prefix}options` WHERE option_name IN ( %s, %s );",
"_transient_{$key}",
"_transient_timeout_{$key}"
)
);
$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
}
$wp_object_cache->delete( "_transient_timeout_$key", 'options' );
// Update alloptions
$alloptions = $wp_object_cache->get( 'alloptions', 'options' );
unset( $alloptions["_transient_$key"] );
unset( $alloptions["_transient_timeout_$key"] );
$wp_object_cache->set( 'alloptions', $alloptions, 'options' );
return $wp_object_cache->delete( "_transient_$key", 'options' );
} elseif ( 'site-transient' == $group ) {
if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
$table = $wpdb->options;
if ( is_multisite() ) {
$table = $wpdb->sitemeta;
}
$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
$wpdb->query(
$wpdb->prepare(
"DELETE FROM `{$table}` WHERE option_name IN ( %s, %s );",
"_transient_{$key}",
"_transient_timeout_{$key}"
)
);
$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
}
$wp_object_cache->delete( "_transient_timeout_$key", 'site-options' );
// Update alloptions
$alloptions = $wp_object_cache->get( 'alloptions', 'options' );
unset( $alloptions["_site_transient_$key"] );
unset( $alloptions["_site_transient_timeout_$key"] );
$wp_object_cache->set( 'alloptions', $alloptions, 'options' );
return $wp_object_cache->delete( "_site_transient_$key", 'site-options' );
}
return $wp_object_cache->delete( $key, $group );
}
function wp_cache_flush( $local_flush = false ) {
global $wp_object_cache, $wpdb;
if ( ! $local_flush ) {
if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
$wpdb->query( "INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->options}` (`option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload`) VALUES ( 'gd_system_last_cache_flush', UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ), 'no' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );" );
$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
}
}
return $wp_object_cache->flush();
}
function wp_cache_get( $key, $group = '', $force = false ) {
global $wp_object_cache, $wpdb;
if ( 'transient' == $group ) {
$alloptions = $wp_object_cache->get( 'alloptions', 'options' );
if ( isset( $alloptions["_transient_$key"] ) && isset( $alloptions["_transient_timeout_$key"] ) && $alloptions["_transient_timeout_$key"] > time() ) {
return maybe_unserialize( $alloptions["_transient_$key"] );
}
$transient = $wp_object_cache->get( "_transient_$key", 'options', $force );
$timeout = $wp_object_cache->get( "_transient_timeout_$key", 'options', $force );
if ( false !== $transient && ! empty( $timeout ) && $timeout > time() ) {
return maybe_unserialize( $transient );
}
if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
$result = $wpdb->get_results(
$wpdb->prepare(
"SELECT option_name, option_value FROM `{$wpdb->options}` WHERE option_name IN ( %s, %s ) UNION SELECT 'current_time', UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) AS option_value;",
"_transient_{$key}",
"_transient_timeout_{$key}"
),
ARRAY_A
);
$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
if ( ! empty( $result ) ) {
$transient = false;
$timeout = false;
$current_time = time();
foreach ( $result as $row ) {
switch ( $row['option_name'] ) {
case "_transient_$key" :
$transient = $row['option_value'];
break;
case "_transient_timeout_$key" :
$timeout = $row['option_value'];
break;
case 'current_time' :
$current_time = $row['option_value'];
break;
}
}
if ( false !== $transient && ! empty( $timeout ) && $timeout > $current_time ) {
return maybe_unserialize( $transient );
}
}
}
return false;
} elseif ( 'site-transient' == $group ) {
$transient = $wp_object_cache->get( "_site_transient_$key", 'options', $force );
$timeout = $wp_object_cache->get( "_site_transient_timeout_$key", 'options', $force );
if ( false !== $transient && ! empty( $timeout ) && $timeout > time() ) {
return maybe_unserialize( $transient );
}
if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
$table = $wpdb->options;
if ( is_multisite() ) {
$table = $wpdb->sitemeta;
}
$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
$result = $wpdb->get_results(
$wpdb->prepare(
"SELECT option_name, option_value FROM `{$table}` WHERE option_name IN ( %s, %s ) UNION SELECT 'current_time', UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) AS option_value;",
"_site_transient_{$key}",
"_site_transient_timeout_{$key}"
),
ARRAY_A
);
$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
if ( ! empty( $result ) ) {
$transient = false;
$timeout = false;
$current_time = time();
foreach ( $result as $row ) {
switch ( $row['option_name'] ) {
case "_site_transient_$key" :
$transient = $row['option_value'];
break;
case "_site_transient_timeout_$key" :
$timeout = $row['option_value'];
break;
case 'current_time' :
$current_time = $row['option_value'];
break;
}
}
if ( false !== $transient && ! empty( $timeout ) && $timeout > $current_time ) {
return maybe_unserialize( $transient );
}
}
}
return false;
} else {
return $wp_object_cache->get( $key, $group, $force );
}
}
function wp_cache_init() {
global $wp_object_cache;
if ( mt_rand( 1, 100 ) == 42 ) {
wpaas_prune_transients();
}
add_action( 'muplugins_loaded', 'wpaas_init_sync_cache' );
$wp_object_cache = new APCu_Object_Cache();
}
function wp_cache_replace( $key, $data, $group = '', $expire = 0 ) {
global $wp_object_cache;
return $wp_object_cache->replace( $key, $data, $group, $expire );
}
function wp_cache_set( $key, $data, $group = '', $expire = 0 ) {
global $wp_object_cache;
if ( defined( 'WP_INSTALLING' ) == false ) {
if ( 'transient' == $group ) {
return wpaas_save_transient( $key, $data, $expire );
} elseif ( 'site-transient' == $group ) {
return wpaas_save_transient( $key, $data, $expire, true );
} else {
return $wp_object_cache->set( $key, $data, $group, $expire );
}
} else {
return $wp_object_cache->delete( $key, $group );
}
}
function wp_cache_switch_to_blog( $blog_id ) {
global $wp_object_cache;
return $wp_object_cache->switch_to_blog( $blog_id );
}
function wp_cache_add_global_groups( $groups ) {
global $wp_object_cache;
$wp_object_cache->add_global_groups( $groups );
}
function wp_cache_add_non_persistent_groups( $groups ) {
global $wp_object_cache;
$wp_object_cache->add_non_persistent_groups( $groups );
}
class GD_APCu_Object_Cache {
private $prefix = '';
private $local_cache = array();
private $global_groups = array();
private $non_persistent_groups = array();
private $multisite = false;
private $blog_prefix = '';
public function __construct() {
global $table_prefix;
$this->multisite = is_multisite();
$this->blog_prefix = $this->multisite ? get_current_blog_id() . ':' : '';
$this->prefix = DB_HOST . '.' . DB_NAME . '.' . $table_prefix;
}
private function get_group( $group ) {
return empty( $group ) ? 'default' : $group;
}
private function get_key( $group, $key ) {
if ( $this->multisite && ! isset( $this->global_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
return $this->prefix . '.' . $group . '.' . $this->blog_prefix . ':' . $key;
} else {
return $this->prefix . '.' . $group . '.' . $key;
}
}
public function add( $key, $data, $group = 'default', $expire = 0 ) {
$group = $this->get_group( $group );
$key = $this->get_key( $group, $key );
if ( function_exists( 'wp_suspend_cache_addition' ) && wp_suspend_cache_addition() ) {
return false;
}
if ( isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) ) {
return false;
}
// FIXME: Somehow apcu_add does not return false if key already exists
if ( ! isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) && apcu_exists( $key ) ) {
return false;
}
if ( is_object( $data ) ) {
$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = clone $data;
} else {
$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = $data;
}
if ( ! isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
return apcu_add( $key, $data, (int) $expire );
}
return true;
}
public function add_global_groups( $groups ) {
if ( is_array( $groups ) ) {
foreach ( $groups as $group ) {
$this->global_groups[ $group ] = true;
}
} else {
$this->global_groups[ $groups ] = true;
}
}
public function add_non_persistent_groups( $groups ) {
if ( is_array( $groups ) ) {
foreach ( $groups as $group ) {
$this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] = true;
}
} else {
$this->non_persistent_groups[ $groups ] = true;
}
}
public function decr( $key, $offset = 1, $group = 'default' ) {
if ( $offset < 0 ) {
return $this->incr( $key, abs( $offset ), $group );
}
$group = $this->get_group( $group );
$key = $this->get_key( $group, $key );
if ( isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) && $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] - $offset >= 0 ) {
$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] -= $offset;
} else {
$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = 0;
}
if ( isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
return $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ];
} else {
$value = apcu_dec( $key, $offset );
if ( $value < 0 ) {
apcu_store( $key, 0 );
return 0;
}
return $value;
}
}
public function delete( $key, $group = 'default', $force = false ) {
$group = $this->get_group( $group );
$key = $this->get_key( $group, $key );
unset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] );
if ( ! isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
return apcu_delete( $key );
}
return true;
}
public function flush() {
$this->local_cache = array();
// TODO: only clear our own entries
apcu_clear_cache();
return true;
}
public function get( $key, $group = 'default', $force = false, &$found = null ) {
$group = $this->get_group( $group );
$key = $this->get_key( $group, $key );
if ( ! $force && isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) ) {
$found = true;
if ( is_object( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) ) {
return clone $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ];
} else {
return $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ];
}
} elseif ( isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
$found = false;
return false;
} else {
$value = @apcu_fetch( $key, $found );
if ( $found ) {
if ( $force ) {
$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = $value;
}
return $value;
} else {
return false;
}
}
}
public function incr2( $key, $offset = 1, $group = 'default' ) {
if ( $offset < 0 ) {
return $this->decr( $key, abs( $offset ), $group );
}
$group = $this->get_group( $group );
$key = $this->get_key( $group, $key );
if ( isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) && $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] + $offset >= 0 ) {
$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] += $offset;
} else {
$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = 0;
}
if ( isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
return $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ];
} else if ( function_exists( 'apcu_inc' ) ) {
$value = apcu_inc( $key, $offset );
if ( $value < 0 ) {
apcu_store( $key, 0 );
return 0;
}
return $value;
}
return false;
}
public function replace( $key, $data, $group = 'default', $expire = 0 ) {
$group = $this->get_group( $group );
$key = $this->get_key( $group, $key );
if ( isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
if ( ! isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) ) {
return false;
}
} else {
if ( ! isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) && ! apcu_exists( $key ) ) {
return false;
}
apcu_store( $key, $data, (int) $expire );
}
if ( is_object( $data ) ) {
$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = clone $data;
} else {
$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = $data;
}
return true;
}
public function reset() {
// This function is deprecated as of WordPress 3.5
// Be safe and flush the cache if this function is still used
$this->flush();
}
public function set( $key, $data, $group = 'default', $expire = 0 ) {
$group = $this->get_group( $group );
$key = $this->get_key( $group, $key );
if ( is_object( $data ) ) {
$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = clone $data;
} else {
$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = $data;
}
if ( ! isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
return apcu_store( $key, $data, (int) $expire );
}
return true;
}
public function stats() {
// Only implemented because the default cache class provides this.
// This method is never called.
echo '';
}
public function switch_to_blog( $blog_id ) {
$this->blog_prefix = $this->multisite ? $blog_id . ':' : '';
}
}
if ( function_exists( 'apcu_inc' ) ) {
class APCu_Object_Cache extends GD_APCu_Object_Cache {
function incr( $key, $offset = 1, $group = 'default' ) {
return parent::incr2( $key, $offset, $group );
}
}
} else {
class APCu_Object_Cache extends GD_APCu_Object_Cache {
// Blank
}
}
endif;
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Сообщение Serbia in WW1: photos and facts появились сначала на Old Pictures.
]]>WW1 is a significant chapter in the History of Serbia. This young Slavic state was in the middle of historical events from the first days of the war. WW1 started when the Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on Serbia. It happened right after 19-year old Serbin Gavrila Princip triggered the action: assassinated Franz Ferdinand, the prince of Austria. The young revolutionary couldn’t even imagine what kind of historical tornado he called in his home country. Serbia desperately fought till the last day of WW1, losing at least a quarter of its population dead or lost.
Serbia covered a long way to its independence from the Osman Empire. Serbians initiated three uprisings against the Muslim rulers at the begging of the 19th century. As a result, the sultan recognized Milos Obrenoviche as a ruler of Serbia in 1815. But the formal independence came in 1878, after the war between Russia and the Osman Empire.
While gaining independence, a lot of Serbians dreamed of uniting all of the south Slavic people under the rule of Belgrade. Some of those Slavic territories were a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Vien set the region on fire, supporting numerous conflicts between Slavic states of Balkan region during so-called Balkan wars of 1912-1913
There’s a historical fact that WW1 started right after Gavrilo Princip murdered Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo in 1914. But the truth is that WW1 had to begin in one way or another. Austro-Hungary was preparing for it, Germany was preparing for it… Countries of Antanta did so too. It was a matter of time.
The first weeks of WW1 had brought some mixed success to the army of Serbia. Combat operations in this sector of the front went on with varying success. After winning some battles in August 1914, including the one in the region of the Tser ridge, Serbians couldn’t resist overwhelming Austria. The Austrian troops took the Serbian capital in November 1914, despite the active help from Russian and French soldiers.
King Peter joined the army of Serbia in November 1914. He couldn’t act like french trench raiders, but he managed to ignite the inner fire in his troops that suffered poor morale. Peter ordered a new offensive. Serbian started it on December 3, 1914. During the 12 days of fighting on the river Kolubare and river Drina, they defeated the Austro-Hungarian troops. On December 15, the Serbians took Belgrade back. Not a single Austro-Hungarian soldier remained on Serbian territory; more than 50 thousand prisoners were captured, 126 cannons, 70 machine guns, and many other trophies.
The fails of 1915
Serbia passed through two major historical blows during the battles of WW1 in 1915. It all started when the German forces joined the Austro-Hungarians in October 1915. Austro-Hungarian and German troops suppressed the fierce resistance of Serbians and retook Belgrade on October 9. Serbs retreated to the south.
The second blow came from the Balkanian brothers. On October 14, Bulgaria entered WW1 on the side of Germany. Bulgarians invaded Serbia on the morning of the next day.
Lost battles forced the French command to transport the Serbian army to Italy, and then to Tunisia. Serbian units restructured there and subsequently returned to the front. This relocation required massive naval support. The helping hand came from France and England.
Serbs continue to fight on the Thessaloniki front
Serbs continued resistance in Albania on the so-called Thessaloniki front. France reinforced the Serbians with their divisions in May 1916. In total, the Serbian troops numbered 130,000 people. The allied forces in the Balkans reached 300,000.
Antanta troops received significant superiority by the end of the summer of 1918. They initiated a new offensive with extensive usage of gas attacks on the Thessaloniki front. Demoralized Bulgaria could overcome this defeat and capitulate on September 29. Serbian army victoriously entered Belgrade on October 18, 1918. It was a new glorious page in Serbian history – Belgrade became the capital of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (since 1929 – Yugoslavia).
Сообщение Serbia in WW1: photos and facts появились сначала на Old Pictures.
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