/*
 * Plugin Name: APCu Object Cache
 * Description: APCu backend for the WP Object Cache.
 * Based on Plugin named APCu Object Cache Backend
 * Plugin URI: https://wordpress.org/plugins/apcu/
 * Author: Pierre Schmitz
 * Author URI: https://pierre-schmitz.com/
 * Plugin URI: https://wordpress.org/plugins/apcu/
 *
 *
 * @Authors James Dugger, Jonathan Bardo
 * @copyright 2017 GoDaddy Inc. 14455 N. Hayden Road Scottsdale, Arizona
 */

$oc_logged_in = false;

foreach ( $_COOKIE as $k => $v ) {

	if ( preg_match( '/^comment_author|wordpress_logged_in_[a-f0-9]+|woocommerce_items_in_cart|PHPSESSID_|edd_wp_session|edd_items_in_cartcc_cart_key|ccm_token/', $k ) ) {

		$oc_logged_in = true;

		break;

	}

}

$oc_blocked_page = ( defined( 'WP_ADMIN' ) || defined( 'DOING_AJAX' ) || defined( 'XMLRPC_REQUEST' ) || 'wp-login.php' === basename( $_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME'] ) );

function wpaas_is_using_apcu() {

	return version_compare( PHP_VERSION, '5.6.0', '>=' ) && function_exists( 'apcu_fetch' );

}


if ( 'cli' !== php_sapi_name() && ! $oc_logged_in && ! $oc_blocked_page && wpaas_is_using_apcu() ) :

	/**
	 * Save the transients to the DB.  The explanation is a bit too long
	 * for code.  The tl;dr of it is that we don't have a single 'fast cache'
	 * source yet (like memcached) and so some long lived items like transients
	 * are still best cached in the db and then brought back into APC
	 *
	 * @param string  $transient
	 * @param mixed   $value
	 * @param int     $expire
	 * @param boolean $site = false
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 */
	function wpaas_save_transient( $transient, $value, $expire, $site = false ) {
		global $wp_object_cache, $wpdb;

		// The 'special' transient option names
		$transient_timeout = ( $site ? '_site' : '' ) . '_transient_timeout_' . $transient;
		$transient         = ( $site ? '_site' : '' ) . '_transient_' . $transient;

		// Cap expiration at 24 hours to avoid littering the DB
		if ( $expire == 0 ) {
			$expire = 24 * 60 * 60;
		}

		// Save to object cache
		$wp_object_cache->set( $transient, $value, 'options', $expire );
		$wp_object_cache->set( $transient_timeout, time() + $expire, 'options', $expire );

		// Update alloptions
		$alloptions                       = $wp_object_cache->get( 'alloptions', 'options' );
		$alloptions[ $transient ]         = $value;
		$alloptions[ $transient_timeout ] = time() + $expire;
		$wp_object_cache->set( 'alloptions', $alloptions, 'options' );

		// Use the normal update option logic
		if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
			$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
			$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
			if ( $site && is_multisite() ) {
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->sitemeta}` ( `option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload` ) VALUES ( %s, UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) + %d, 'yes' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );",
						$transient_timeout,
						$expire
					)
				);
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->sitemeta}` ( `option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload` ) VALUES ( %s, %s, 'no' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );",
						$transient,
						maybe_serialize( $value )
					)
				);
			} else {
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->options}` (`option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload`) VALUES ( %s, UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) + %d, 'yes' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );",
						$transient_timeout,
						$expire
					)
				);
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->options}` (`option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload`) VALUES ( %s, %s, 'no' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );",
						$transient,
						maybe_serialize( $value )
					)
				);
			}
			$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
		}

		return true;
	}

	function wpaas_prune_transients() {
		global $wpdb;

		if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb && function_exists( 'is_main_site' ) && function_exists( 'is_main_network' ) ) {

			$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
			$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );

			// Lifted straight from schema.php

			// Deletes all expired transients.
			// The multi-table delete syntax is used to delete the transient record from table a,
			// and the corresponding transient_timeout record from table b.
			$time = time();
			$wpdb->query( "DELETE a, b FROM $wpdb->options a, $wpdb->options b WHERE
		a.option_name LIKE '\_transient\_%' AND
		a.option_name NOT LIKE '\_transient\_timeout\_%' AND
		b.option_name = CONCAT( '_transient_timeout_', SUBSTRING( a.option_name, 12 ) )
		AND b.option_value < $time" );

			if ( is_main_site() && is_main_network() ) {
				$wpdb->query( "DELETE a, b FROM $wpdb->options a, $wpdb->options b WHERE
		a.option_name LIKE '\_site\_transient\_%' AND
		a.option_name NOT LIKE '\_site\_transient\_timeout\_%' AND
		b.option_name = CONCAT( '_site_transient_timeout_', SUBSTRING( a.option_name, 17 ) )
		AND b.option_value < $time" );
			}


			$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
		}
	}

	/**
	 * If another cache was flushed or updated, sync across all servers / processes using
	 * the database as the authority.  This uses the database as the authority for timestamps
	 * as well to avoid drift between servers.
	 * @return void
	 */
	function wpaas_init_sync_cache() {

		global $wpdb;

		if ( empty( $wpdb ) || ! ( $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) ) {

			return;

		}

		$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
		$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
		$result = $wpdb->get_results(
			"SELECT option_name, option_value FROM `{$wpdb->options}` WHERE option_name = 'gd_system_last_cache_flush' UNION SELECT 'current_time', UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) AS option_value;",
			ARRAY_A
		);
		$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );

		if ( empty( $result ) ) {

			return;

		}

		$master_flush = false;

		foreach ( $result as $row ) {

			switch ( $row['option_name'] ) {

				case 'current_time' :
					$current_time = $row['option_value'];
					break;

				case 'gd_system_last_cache_flush' :
					$master_flush = $row['option_value'];
					break;

			}

		}

		$local_flush = wp_cache_get( 'gd_system_last_cache_flush' );

		if ( false === $local_flush || $local_flush < $master_flush ) {

			wp_cache_flush( true );

			wp_cache_set( 'gd_system_last_cache_flush', $current_time );

		}

	}

	/**
	 * Start default implementation of object cache
	 */

	if ( ! defined( 'WP_APC_KEY_SALT' ) ) {

		define( 'WP_APC_KEY_SALT', '' );

	}

	function wp_cache_add( $key, $data, $group = '', $expire = 0 ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		if ( 'transient' == $group ) {
			wpaas_save_transient( $key, $data, $expire );

			return $wp_object_cache->add( "_transient_$key", $data, 'options', $expire );
		} elseif ( 'site-transient' == $group ) {
			wpaas_save_transient( $key, $data, $expire, true );

			return $wp_object_cache->add( "_site_transient_$key", $data, 'site-options', $expire );
		} else {
			return $wp_object_cache->add( $key, $data, $group, $expire );
		}
	}

	function wp_cache_incr( $key, $n = 1, $group = '' ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		return $wp_object_cache->incr2( $key, $n, $group );
	}

	function wp_cache_decr( $key, $n = 1, $group = '' ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		return $wp_object_cache->decr( $key, $n, $group );
	}

	function wp_cache_close() {
		return true;
	}

	function wp_cache_delete( $key, $group = '' ) {
		global $wp_object_cache, $wpdb;

		if ( 'transient' == $group ) {
			if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
				$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"DELETE FROM `{$wpdb->prefix}options` WHERE option_name IN ( %s, %s );",
						"_transient_{$key}",
						"_transient_timeout_{$key}"
					)
				);
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
			}

			$wp_object_cache->delete( "_transient_timeout_$key", 'options' );

			// Update alloptions
			$alloptions = $wp_object_cache->get( 'alloptions', 'options' );
			unset( $alloptions["_transient_$key"] );
			unset( $alloptions["_transient_timeout_$key"] );
			$wp_object_cache->set( 'alloptions', $alloptions, 'options' );

			return $wp_object_cache->delete( "_transient_$key", 'options' );
		} elseif ( 'site-transient' == $group ) {
			if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
				$table = $wpdb->options;
				if ( is_multisite() ) {
					$table = $wpdb->sitemeta;
				}
				$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"DELETE FROM `{$table}` WHERE option_name IN ( %s, %s );",
						"_transient_{$key}",
						"_transient_timeout_{$key}"
					)
				);
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
			}
			$wp_object_cache->delete( "_transient_timeout_$key", 'site-options' );

			// Update alloptions
			$alloptions = $wp_object_cache->get( 'alloptions', 'options' );
			unset( $alloptions["_site_transient_$key"] );
			unset( $alloptions["_site_transient_timeout_$key"] );
			$wp_object_cache->set( 'alloptions', $alloptions, 'options' );

			return $wp_object_cache->delete( "_site_transient_$key", 'site-options' );
		}

		return $wp_object_cache->delete( $key, $group );
	}

	function wp_cache_flush( $local_flush = false ) {
		global $wp_object_cache, $wpdb;

		if ( ! $local_flush ) {
			if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
				$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
				$wpdb->query( "INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->options}` (`option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload`) VALUES ( 'gd_system_last_cache_flush', UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ), 'no' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );" );
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
			}
		}

		return $wp_object_cache->flush();
	}

	function wp_cache_get( $key, $group = '', $force = false ) {
		global $wp_object_cache, $wpdb;

		if ( 'transient' == $group ) {
			$alloptions = $wp_object_cache->get( 'alloptions', 'options' );
			if ( isset( $alloptions["_transient_$key"] ) && isset( $alloptions["_transient_timeout_$key"] ) && $alloptions["_transient_timeout_$key"] > time() ) {
				return maybe_unserialize( $alloptions["_transient_$key"] );
			}
			$transient = $wp_object_cache->get( "_transient_$key", 'options', $force );
			$timeout   = $wp_object_cache->get( "_transient_timeout_$key", 'options', $force );
			if ( false !== $transient && ! empty( $timeout ) && $timeout > time() ) {
				return maybe_unserialize( $transient );
			}
			if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
				$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
				$result = $wpdb->get_results(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"SELECT option_name, option_value FROM `{$wpdb->options}` WHERE option_name IN ( %s, %s ) UNION SELECT 'current_time', UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) AS option_value;",
						"_transient_{$key}",
						"_transient_timeout_{$key}"
					),
					ARRAY_A
				);
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
				if ( ! empty( $result ) ) {
					$transient    = false;
					$timeout      = false;
					$current_time = time();
					foreach ( $result as $row ) {
						switch ( $row['option_name'] ) {
							case "_transient_$key" :
								$transient = $row['option_value'];
								break;
							case "_transient_timeout_$key" :
								$timeout = $row['option_value'];
								break;
							case 'current_time' :
								$current_time = $row['option_value'];
								break;
						}
					}
					if ( false !== $transient && ! empty( $timeout ) && $timeout > $current_time ) {
						return maybe_unserialize( $transient );
					}
				}
			}

			return false;
		} elseif ( 'site-transient' == $group ) {
			$transient = $wp_object_cache->get( "_site_transient_$key", 'options', $force );
			$timeout   = $wp_object_cache->get( "_site_transient_timeout_$key", 'options', $force );
			if ( false !== $transient && ! empty( $timeout ) && $timeout > time() ) {
				return maybe_unserialize( $transient );
			}
			if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
				$table = $wpdb->options;
				if ( is_multisite() ) {
					$table = $wpdb->sitemeta;
				}
				$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
				$result = $wpdb->get_results(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"SELECT option_name, option_value FROM `{$table}` WHERE option_name IN ( %s, %s ) UNION SELECT 'current_time', UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) AS option_value;",
						"_site_transient_{$key}",
						"_site_transient_timeout_{$key}"
					),
					ARRAY_A
				);
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
				if ( ! empty( $result ) ) {
					$transient    = false;
					$timeout      = false;
					$current_time = time();
					foreach ( $result as $row ) {
						switch ( $row['option_name'] ) {
							case "_site_transient_$key" :
								$transient = $row['option_value'];
								break;
							case "_site_transient_timeout_$key" :
								$timeout = $row['option_value'];
								break;
							case 'current_time' :
								$current_time = $row['option_value'];
								break;
						}
					}
					if ( false !== $transient && ! empty( $timeout ) && $timeout > $current_time ) {
						return maybe_unserialize( $transient );
					}
				}
			}

			return false;
		} else {
			return $wp_object_cache->get( $key, $group, $force );
		}
	}

	function wp_cache_init() {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		if ( mt_rand( 1, 100 ) == 42 ) {

			wpaas_prune_transients();

		}

		add_action( 'muplugins_loaded', 'wpaas_init_sync_cache' );

		$wp_object_cache = new APCu_Object_Cache();

	}

	function wp_cache_replace( $key, $data, $group = '', $expire = 0 ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		return $wp_object_cache->replace( $key, $data, $group, $expire );
	}

	function wp_cache_set( $key, $data, $group = '', $expire = 0 ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		if ( defined( 'WP_INSTALLING' ) == false ) {
			if ( 'transient' == $group ) {
				return wpaas_save_transient( $key, $data, $expire );
			} elseif ( 'site-transient' == $group ) {
				return wpaas_save_transient( $key, $data, $expire, true );
			} else {
				return $wp_object_cache->set( $key, $data, $group, $expire );
			}
		} else {
			return $wp_object_cache->delete( $key, $group );
		}
	}

	function wp_cache_switch_to_blog( $blog_id ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		return $wp_object_cache->switch_to_blog( $blog_id );
	}

	function wp_cache_add_global_groups( $groups ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		$wp_object_cache->add_global_groups( $groups );
	}

	function wp_cache_add_non_persistent_groups( $groups ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		$wp_object_cache->add_non_persistent_groups( $groups );
	}

	class GD_APCu_Object_Cache {

		private $prefix = '';
		private $local_cache = array();
		private $global_groups = array();
		private $non_persistent_groups = array();
		private $multisite = false;
		private $blog_prefix = '';

		public function __construct() {
			global $table_prefix;

			$this->multisite   = is_multisite();
			$this->blog_prefix = $this->multisite ? get_current_blog_id() . ':' : '';
			$this->prefix      = DB_HOST . '.' . DB_NAME . '.' . $table_prefix;
		}

		private function get_group( $group ) {
			return empty( $group ) ? 'default' : $group;
		}

		private function get_key( $group, $key ) {
			if ( $this->multisite && ! isset( $this->global_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				return $this->prefix . '.' . $group . '.' . $this->blog_prefix . ':' . $key;
			} else {
				return $this->prefix . '.' . $group . '.' . $key;
			}
		}

		public function add( $key, $data, $group = 'default', $expire = 0 ) {
			$group = $this->get_group( $group );
			$key   = $this->get_key( $group, $key );

			if ( function_exists( 'wp_suspend_cache_addition' ) && wp_suspend_cache_addition() ) {
				return false;
			}
			if ( isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) ) {
				return false;
			}
			// FIXME: Somehow apcu_add does not return false if key already exists
			if ( ! isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) && apcu_exists( $key ) ) {
				return false;
			}

			if ( is_object( $data ) ) {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = clone $data;
			} else {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = $data;
			}

			if ( ! isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				return apcu_add( $key, $data, (int) $expire );
			}

			return true;
		}

		public function add_global_groups( $groups ) {
			if ( is_array( $groups ) ) {
				foreach ( $groups as $group ) {
					$this->global_groups[ $group ] = true;
				}
			} else {
				$this->global_groups[ $groups ] = true;
			}
		}

		public function add_non_persistent_groups( $groups ) {
			if ( is_array( $groups ) ) {
				foreach ( $groups as $group ) {
					$this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] = true;
				}
			} else {
				$this->non_persistent_groups[ $groups ] = true;
			}
		}

		public function decr( $key, $offset = 1, $group = 'default' ) {
			if ( $offset < 0 ) {
				return $this->incr( $key, abs( $offset ), $group );
			}

			$group = $this->get_group( $group );
			$key   = $this->get_key( $group, $key );

			if ( isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) && $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] - $offset >= 0 ) {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] -= $offset;
			} else {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = 0;
			}

			if ( isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				return $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ];
			} else {
				$value = apcu_dec( $key, $offset );
				if ( $value < 0 ) {
					apcu_store( $key, 0 );

					return 0;
				}

				return $value;
			}
		}

		public function delete( $key, $group = 'default', $force = false ) {
			$group = $this->get_group( $group );
			$key   = $this->get_key( $group, $key );

			unset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] );
			if ( ! isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				return apcu_delete( $key );
			}

			return true;
		}

		public function flush() {
			$this->local_cache = array();
			// TODO: only clear our own entries
			apcu_clear_cache();

			return true;
		}

		public function get( $key, $group = 'default', $force = false, &$found = null ) {
			$group = $this->get_group( $group );
			$key   = $this->get_key( $group, $key );

			if ( ! $force && isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) ) {
				$found = true;
				if ( is_object( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) ) {
					return clone $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ];
				} else {
					return $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ];
				}
			} elseif ( isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				$found = false;

				return false;
			} else {
				$value = @apcu_fetch( $key, $found );
				if ( $found ) {
					if ( $force ) {
						$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = $value;
					}

					return $value;
				} else {
					return false;
				}
			}
		}

		public function incr2( $key, $offset = 1, $group = 'default' ) {
			if ( $offset < 0 ) {
				return $this->decr( $key, abs( $offset ), $group );
			}

			$group = $this->get_group( $group );
			$key   = $this->get_key( $group, $key );

			if ( isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) && $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] + $offset >= 0 ) {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] += $offset;
			} else {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = 0;
			}

			if ( isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				return $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ];
			} else if ( function_exists( 'apcu_inc' ) ) {
				$value = apcu_inc( $key, $offset );
				if ( $value < 0 ) {
					apcu_store( $key, 0 );

					return 0;
				}

				return $value;
			}

			return false;
		}

		public function replace( $key, $data, $group = 'default', $expire = 0 ) {
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{"id":4237,"date":"2020-07-13T14:53:10","date_gmt":"2020-07-13T12:53:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/?p=4237"},"modified":"2020-08-28T14:59:59","modified_gmt":"2020-08-28T12:59:59","slug":"hemingway-travel-to-italy-1948-in-pictures","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/hemingway-travel-to-italy-1948-in-pictures\/","title":{"rendered":"Hemingway travel to Italy, 1948,  in pictures"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\u00a0<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-4241\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Cortina-october-11-12-1948-Hemingway-and-Pivano-walking-around-Cortina.jpg\" alt=\"Hemingway Pivano\" width=\"1028\" height=\"683\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Cortina-october-11-12-1948-Hemingway-and-Pivano-walking-around-Cortina.jpg 649w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Cortina-october-11-12-1948-Hemingway-and-Pivano-walking-around-Cortina-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Cortina-october-11-12-1948-Hemingway-and-Pivano-walking-around-Cortina-360x239.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1028px) 100vw, 1028px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ernest Hemingway confessed once that the main reason for his trip to Italy in 1948 was the inspiration. He wrote his previous masterpiece &#8216;For whom the Bell Tolls, nine years before, and the writer was desperately looking for the new creativity boost. Hemingway decided to visit places <a href=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/ernest-hemingway-recuperating-after-his-injury-during-ww1\/\">where he served during WW1, where he was injured, and the hospital<\/a> where he fell in love for the first time.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 1948 Italy overcame the consequences of the Mussolini rule, removed the fascism from their political system, and elected the democratic parliament just months before. An Interesting one: Mussolini didn&#8217;t like the novels of Hemingway, and publishers didn&#8217;t dare to translate his works into Italian. This ban had no place in post-war Italy.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">During a windy November, Hemingway and his fourth wife Mary stayed in the tiny hotel the Locanda Cipriani in Torcello, not far from Venice, Italy. This isolated settlement counted several dozens of citizens. This location was famous for Cipriani&#8217;s founding and three buildings\u2014the basilica, the church of Santa Fosca, and the baptistery\u2014that are more than a thousand years old.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>The spirits of the Hemingway trip to Italy<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hemingway liked Torcello so much that he devoted his short essay to it. The text starts with a wink: &#8220;For we, who love the lagoon, it makes no difference if Attila sat in the chair or if he did not. I doubt if he did. It is enough for me that Cipriani sat in it.&#8221; Hemingway mentions Attila the Hun, who raided this Italian region during the fifth century. Outside the cathedral is a stone bench that is associated with Attila&#8217;s Throne.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">At 49, a genius writer still <a href=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/ernest-hemingway-and-a-dead-cat\/\">was an avid hunter.<\/a> Of course, Hemingway didn&#8217;t miss an opportunity to shoot a few ducks during his stay in Italy.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3>A little writer&#8217;s trick<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Also, Hemingway decided to endorse Giuseppe Cipriani, the owner of the Locanda, and Harry&#8217;s Bar in Venice. The writer mentioned him in the novel that came after Italian travels, Across the River, and into the Trees (1950). We can assume that the<a href=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/hemingway-and-alcohol-unknown-facts-and-pictures\/\"> famous alcohol lover,<\/a> Hemingway spent some good nights at this bar.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Hemingway recalled his Italian trip warmly as he got what he wanted. He met old friends and refreshed his creativity while visiting the places of his youth. He will repeat this inspiration trick at least once in the future when he&#8217;ll <a href=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/the-dangerous-summer-of-ernest-hemingway-in-pictures-spain-1958\/\">go to Spain for the second time.<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4253\" style=\"width: 538px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4253\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4253\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venice-1948.Hemingway-on-the-Hotel-Gritti-terrace.-On-the-background-thernchurch-of-the-Salute.jpg\" alt=\"Venice Hemingway church of the Salute\" width=\"528\" height=\"624\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venice-1948.Hemingway-on-the-Hotel-Gritti-terrace.-On-the-background-thernchurch-of-the-Salute.jpg 528w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venice-1948.Hemingway-on-the-Hotel-Gritti-terrace.-On-the-background-thernchurch-of-the-Salute-254x300.jpg 254w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venice-1948.Hemingway-on-the-Hotel-Gritti-terrace.-On-the-background-thernchurch-of-the-Salute-360x425.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 528px) 100vw, 528px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4253\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Venice 1948.Hemingway on the Hotel Gritti terrace. On the background, the church of the Salute.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_4238\" style=\"width: 1047px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4238\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-4238\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Cortina-1948.-A-conversation-between-Hemingway-and-Mary.jpg\" alt=\"Hemingway and Mary\" width=\"1037\" height=\"829\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Cortina-1948.-A-conversation-between-Hemingway-and-Mary.jpg 649w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Cortina-1948.-A-conversation-between-Hemingway-and-Mary-300x240.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Cortina-1948.-A-conversation-between-Hemingway-and-Mary-360x288.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1037px) 100vw, 1037px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4238\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cortina 1948. A conversation between Hemingway and Mary<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_4246\" style=\"width: 659px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4246\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-4246 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/he-plaque-monument-marking-the-place-where-Hemingway-was-wounded.jpg\" alt=\"Hemingway wound monument\" width=\"649\" height=\"441\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/he-plaque-monument-marking-the-place-where-Hemingway-was-wounded.jpg 649w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/he-plaque-monument-marking-the-place-where-Hemingway-was-wounded-300x204.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/he-plaque-monument-marking-the-place-where-Hemingway-was-wounded-360x245.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4246\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Fossalta di Piave is the plaque-monument marking the place where Hemingway was wounded. The writer returned here with Fernanda Pivano in 1948, looking for the exact location where he contacted the Austrian artillery fire. He dug a tiny hole with a pen-knife and inserted thousand lire note to give back the pension he had received<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_4240\" style=\"width: 911px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4240\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-4240\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Cortina-Hotel-Concordia-October-12.jpg\" alt=\"Hemingway and Pivano\" width=\"901\" height=\"650\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Cortina-Hotel-Concordia-October-12.jpg 649w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Cortina-Hotel-Concordia-October-12-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Cortina-Hotel-Concordia-October-12-360x260.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 901px) 100vw, 901px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4240\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cortina, Hotel Concordia, October 12, 1948. Hemingway and Pivano in the room with fruit, flowers, and two bottles of Valpolicella.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_4244\" style=\"width: 867px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4244\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-4244\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Franchetti.rnrnCaorle-Valle-San-Gaetano-1948.-Hemingway-with-baron-Nanuk-Franchetti.jpg\" alt=\"Hemingway with baron Nanuk Franchetti\" width=\"857\" height=\"615\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Franchetti.rnrnCaorle-Valle-San-Gaetano-1948.-Hemingway-with-baron-Nanuk-Franchetti.jpg 649w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Franchetti.rnrnCaorle-Valle-San-Gaetano-1948.-Hemingway-with-baron-Nanuk-Franchetti-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Franchetti.rnrnCaorle-Valle-San-Gaetano-1948.-Hemingway-with-baron-Nanuk-Franchetti-360x258.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 857px) 100vw, 857px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4244\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Hemingway with baron Nanuk Franchetti<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_4243\" style=\"width: 790px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4243\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-4243 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Ernest-Hemingway-among-wine-barrels-after-appreciating-Valpolicella-and-Amarone-wines..jpg\" alt=\"Hemingway in winery\" width=\"780\" height=\"766\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Ernest-Hemingway-among-wine-barrels-after-appreciating-Valpolicella-and-Amarone-wines..jpg 780w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Ernest-Hemingway-among-wine-barrels-after-appreciating-Valpolicella-and-Amarone-wines.-300x295.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Ernest-Hemingway-among-wine-barrels-after-appreciating-Valpolicella-and-Amarone-wines.-768x754.jpg 768w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Ernest-Hemingway-among-wine-barrels-after-appreciating-Valpolicella-and-Amarone-wines.-360x354.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 780px) 100vw, 780px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4243\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Ernest Hemingway among wine barrels, after appreciating Valpolicella and Amarone wines.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_4239\" style=\"width: 636px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4239\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4239\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Cortina-Hotel-Concordia-1948.-Hemingway-reading.jpg\" alt=\"Hemingway reading Italy\" width=\"626\" height=\"780\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Cortina-Hotel-Concordia-1948.-Hemingway-reading.jpg 626w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Cortina-Hotel-Concordia-1948.-Hemingway-reading-241x300.jpg 241w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Cortina-Hotel-Concordia-1948.-Hemingway-reading-360x449.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 626px) 100vw, 626px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4239\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cortina, Hotel Concordia, 1948. Hemingway reading<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_4248\" style=\"width: 916px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4248\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-4248\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Island-of-Torcello-1948.-Hemingway-on-a-hunting-trip.rn\u00a9-Graziano-Arici.jpg\" alt=\"Hemingway on a hunting trip.\" width=\"906\" height=\"719\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Island-of-Torcello-1948.-Hemingway-on-a-hunting-trip.rn\u00a9-Graziano-Arici.jpg 649w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Island-of-Torcello-1948.-Hemingway-on-a-hunting-trip.rn\u00a9-Graziano-Arici-300x238.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Island-of-Torcello-1948.-Hemingway-on-a-hunting-trip.rn\u00a9-Graziano-Arici-360x286.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 906px) 100vw, 906px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4248\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The Island of Torcello, 1948. Hemingway on a hunting trip.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_4252\" style=\"width: 526px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4252\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-4252\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venice-1948.-An-athletic-Hemingway-getting-off-the-gondola-at-the-HotelrnGritti.jpg\" alt=\"Hemingway Italy Gritti\" width=\"516\" height=\"717\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venice-1948.-An-athletic-Hemingway-getting-off-the-gondola-at-the-HotelrnGritti.jpg 449w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venice-1948.-An-athletic-Hemingway-getting-off-the-gondola-at-the-HotelrnGritti-216x300.jpg 216w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venice-1948.-An-athletic-Hemingway-getting-off-the-gondola-at-the-HotelrnGritti-360x500.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 516px) 100vw, 516px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4252\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Venice 1948. An athletic Hemingway getting off the gondola at the Hotel Gritti<\/p><\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-4254\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venice-Hotel-Gritti-October-31-1948.-Hemingway-and-Mary-on-thernterrace.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"649\" height=\"431\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venice-Hotel-Gritti-October-31-1948.-Hemingway-and-Mary-on-thernterrace.jpg 649w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venice-Hotel-Gritti-October-31-1948.-Hemingway-and-Mary-on-thernterrace-300x199.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venice-Hotel-Gritti-October-31-1948.-Hemingway-and-Mary-on-thernterrace-360x239.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\" \/><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_4251\" style=\"width: 659px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4251\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4251\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venice-1948-Rialto-market.-Hemingway-writing-down-the-name-of-the-fish.jpg\" alt=\"Hemingway Italy Rialto market\" width=\"649\" height=\"424\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venice-1948-Rialto-market.-Hemingway-writing-down-the-name-of-the-fish.jpg 649w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venice-1948-Rialto-market.-Hemingway-writing-down-the-name-of-the-fish-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venice-1948-Rialto-market.-Hemingway-writing-down-the-name-of-the-fish-360x235.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 649px) 100vw, 649px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4251\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Venice, 1948, Rialto market. Hemingway writing down the name of the fish<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_4250\" style=\"width: 505px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4250\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-4250\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venice-1948-Rialto-Market-a-curious-Hemignway-at-the-fish-stands.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"495\" height=\"780\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venice-1948-Rialto-Market-a-curious-Hemignway-at-the-fish-stands.jpg 495w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venice-1948-Rialto-Market-a-curious-Hemignway-at-the-fish-stands-190x300.jpg 190w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venice-1948-Rialto-Market-a-curious-Hemignway-at-the-fish-stands-360x567.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 495px) 100vw, 495px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4250\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Venice 1948, Rialto Market, a curious Hemingway at the fish stands<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_4249\" style=\"width: 1049px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-4249\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-4249 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venezia-1948-Hemingway-in-gondola-allo-stazio-dellHotel-Gritti.jpg\" alt=\"Hemingway Venice \" width=\"1039\" height=\"746\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venezia-1948-Hemingway-in-gondola-allo-stazio-dellHotel-Gritti.jpg 1039w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venezia-1948-Hemingway-in-gondola-allo-stazio-dellHotel-Gritti-300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venezia-1948-Hemingway-in-gondola-allo-stazio-dellHotel-Gritti-1024x735.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venezia-1948-Hemingway-in-gondola-allo-stazio-dellHotel-Gritti-768x551.jpg 768w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venezia-1948-Hemingway-in-gondola-allo-stazio-dellHotel-Gritti-360x258.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1039px) 100vw, 1039px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-4249\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Venezia 1948, Hemingway in gondola allo stazio dell&#8217;Hotel Gritti<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00a0 Ernest Hemingway confessed once that the main reason for his trip to Italy in 1948 was the inspiration. He wrote his&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4249,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[50,105,94],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Hemingway travel to Italy, 1948, in pictures - Old Pictures<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The travel of Ernest Hemingway to Italy in 1948 in pictures. 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A brilliant writer visited the places where he served during WW1 to find an inspiration for the new books\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/hemingway-travel-to-italy-1948-in-pictures\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Old Pictures\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/oldpics.net\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2020-07-13T12:53:10+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2020-08-28T12:59:59+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venezia-1948-Hemingway-in-gondola-allo-stazio-dellHotel-Gritti.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1039\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"746\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Andrew Piper\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"3 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/\",\"name\":\"Old Pictures\",\"description\":\"Historical photos, stories and even more\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/hemingway-travel-to-italy-1948-in-pictures\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venezia-1948-Hemingway-in-gondola-allo-stazio-dellHotel-Gritti.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/07\/Venezia-1948-Hemingway-in-gondola-allo-stazio-dellHotel-Gritti.jpg\",\"width\":1039,\"height\":746,\"caption\":\"Venezia 1948, Hemingway in gondola allo stazio dell'Hotel Gritti\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/hemingway-travel-to-italy-1948-in-pictures\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/hemingway-travel-to-italy-1948-in-pictures\/\",\"name\":\"Hemingway travel to Italy, 1948, in pictures - Old Pictures\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/hemingway-travel-to-italy-1948-in-pictures\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2020-07-13T12:53:10+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2020-08-28T12:59:59+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/#\/schema\/person\/d8c5bb049b6afec697fc0e2bdbbd298e\"},\"description\":\"The travel of Ernest Hemingway to Italy in 1948 in pictures. 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