/*
 * Plugin Name: APCu Object Cache
 * Description: APCu backend for the WP Object Cache.
 * Based on Plugin named APCu Object Cache Backend
 * Plugin URI: https://wordpress.org/plugins/apcu/
 * Author: Pierre Schmitz
 * Author URI: https://pierre-schmitz.com/
 * Plugin URI: https://wordpress.org/plugins/apcu/
 *
 *
 * @Authors James Dugger, Jonathan Bardo
 * @copyright 2017 GoDaddy Inc. 14455 N. Hayden Road Scottsdale, Arizona
 */

$oc_logged_in = false;

foreach ( $_COOKIE as $k => $v ) {

	if ( preg_match( '/^comment_author|wordpress_logged_in_[a-f0-9]+|woocommerce_items_in_cart|PHPSESSID_|edd_wp_session|edd_items_in_cartcc_cart_key|ccm_token/', $k ) ) {

		$oc_logged_in = true;

		break;

	}

}

$oc_blocked_page = ( defined( 'WP_ADMIN' ) || defined( 'DOING_AJAX' ) || defined( 'XMLRPC_REQUEST' ) || 'wp-login.php' === basename( $_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME'] ) );

function wpaas_is_using_apcu() {

	return version_compare( PHP_VERSION, '5.6.0', '>=' ) && function_exists( 'apcu_fetch' );

}


if ( 'cli' !== php_sapi_name() && ! $oc_logged_in && ! $oc_blocked_page && wpaas_is_using_apcu() ) :

	/**
	 * Save the transients to the DB.  The explanation is a bit too long
	 * for code.  The tl;dr of it is that we don't have a single 'fast cache'
	 * source yet (like memcached) and so some long lived items like transients
	 * are still best cached in the db and then brought back into APC
	 *
	 * @param string  $transient
	 * @param mixed   $value
	 * @param int     $expire
	 * @param boolean $site = false
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 */
	function wpaas_save_transient( $transient, $value, $expire, $site = false ) {
		global $wp_object_cache, $wpdb;

		// The 'special' transient option names
		$transient_timeout = ( $site ? '_site' : '' ) . '_transient_timeout_' . $transient;
		$transient         = ( $site ? '_site' : '' ) . '_transient_' . $transient;

		// Cap expiration at 24 hours to avoid littering the DB
		if ( $expire == 0 ) {
			$expire = 24 * 60 * 60;
		}

		// Save to object cache
		$wp_object_cache->set( $transient, $value, 'options', $expire );
		$wp_object_cache->set( $transient_timeout, time() + $expire, 'options', $expire );

		// Update alloptions
		$alloptions                       = $wp_object_cache->get( 'alloptions', 'options' );
		$alloptions[ $transient ]         = $value;
		$alloptions[ $transient_timeout ] = time() + $expire;
		$wp_object_cache->set( 'alloptions', $alloptions, 'options' );

		// Use the normal update option logic
		if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
			$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
			$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
			if ( $site && is_multisite() ) {
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->sitemeta}` ( `option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload` ) VALUES ( %s, UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) + %d, 'yes' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );",
						$transient_timeout,
						$expire
					)
				);
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->sitemeta}` ( `option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload` ) VALUES ( %s, %s, 'no' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );",
						$transient,
						maybe_serialize( $value )
					)
				);
			} else {
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->options}` (`option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload`) VALUES ( %s, UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) + %d, 'yes' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );",
						$transient_timeout,
						$expire
					)
				);
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->options}` (`option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload`) VALUES ( %s, %s, 'no' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );",
						$transient,
						maybe_serialize( $value )
					)
				);
			}
			$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
		}

		return true;
	}

	function wpaas_prune_transients() {
		global $wpdb;

		if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb && function_exists( 'is_main_site' ) && function_exists( 'is_main_network' ) ) {

			$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
			$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );

			// Lifted straight from schema.php

			// Deletes all expired transients.
			// The multi-table delete syntax is used to delete the transient record from table a,
			// and the corresponding transient_timeout record from table b.
			$time = time();
			$wpdb->query( "DELETE a, b FROM $wpdb->options a, $wpdb->options b WHERE
		a.option_name LIKE '\_transient\_%' AND
		a.option_name NOT LIKE '\_transient\_timeout\_%' AND
		b.option_name = CONCAT( '_transient_timeout_', SUBSTRING( a.option_name, 12 ) )
		AND b.option_value < $time" );

			if ( is_main_site() && is_main_network() ) {
				$wpdb->query( "DELETE a, b FROM $wpdb->options a, $wpdb->options b WHERE
		a.option_name LIKE '\_site\_transient\_%' AND
		a.option_name NOT LIKE '\_site\_transient\_timeout\_%' AND
		b.option_name = CONCAT( '_site_transient_timeout_', SUBSTRING( a.option_name, 17 ) )
		AND b.option_value < $time" );
			}


			$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
		}
	}

	/**
	 * If another cache was flushed or updated, sync across all servers / processes using
	 * the database as the authority.  This uses the database as the authority for timestamps
	 * as well to avoid drift between servers.
	 * @return void
	 */
	function wpaas_init_sync_cache() {

		global $wpdb;

		if ( empty( $wpdb ) || ! ( $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) ) {

			return;

		}

		$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
		$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
		$result = $wpdb->get_results(
			"SELECT option_name, option_value FROM `{$wpdb->options}` WHERE option_name = 'gd_system_last_cache_flush' UNION SELECT 'current_time', UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) AS option_value;",
			ARRAY_A
		);
		$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );

		if ( empty( $result ) ) {

			return;

		}

		$master_flush = false;

		foreach ( $result as $row ) {

			switch ( $row['option_name'] ) {

				case 'current_time' :
					$current_time = $row['option_value'];
					break;

				case 'gd_system_last_cache_flush' :
					$master_flush = $row['option_value'];
					break;

			}

		}

		$local_flush = wp_cache_get( 'gd_system_last_cache_flush' );

		if ( false === $local_flush || $local_flush < $master_flush ) {

			wp_cache_flush( true );

			wp_cache_set( 'gd_system_last_cache_flush', $current_time );

		}

	}

	/**
	 * Start default implementation of object cache
	 */

	if ( ! defined( 'WP_APC_KEY_SALT' ) ) {

		define( 'WP_APC_KEY_SALT', '' );

	}

	function wp_cache_add( $key, $data, $group = '', $expire = 0 ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		if ( 'transient' == $group ) {
			wpaas_save_transient( $key, $data, $expire );

			return $wp_object_cache->add( "_transient_$key", $data, 'options', $expire );
		} elseif ( 'site-transient' == $group ) {
			wpaas_save_transient( $key, $data, $expire, true );

			return $wp_object_cache->add( "_site_transient_$key", $data, 'site-options', $expire );
		} else {
			return $wp_object_cache->add( $key, $data, $group, $expire );
		}
	}

	function wp_cache_incr( $key, $n = 1, $group = '' ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		return $wp_object_cache->incr2( $key, $n, $group );
	}

	function wp_cache_decr( $key, $n = 1, $group = '' ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		return $wp_object_cache->decr( $key, $n, $group );
	}

	function wp_cache_close() {
		return true;
	}

	function wp_cache_delete( $key, $group = '' ) {
		global $wp_object_cache, $wpdb;

		if ( 'transient' == $group ) {
			if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
				$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"DELETE FROM `{$wpdb->prefix}options` WHERE option_name IN ( %s, %s );",
						"_transient_{$key}",
						"_transient_timeout_{$key}"
					)
				);
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
			}

			$wp_object_cache->delete( "_transient_timeout_$key", 'options' );

			// Update alloptions
			$alloptions = $wp_object_cache->get( 'alloptions', 'options' );
			unset( $alloptions["_transient_$key"] );
			unset( $alloptions["_transient_timeout_$key"] );
			$wp_object_cache->set( 'alloptions', $alloptions, 'options' );

			return $wp_object_cache->delete( "_transient_$key", 'options' );
		} elseif ( 'site-transient' == $group ) {
			if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
				$table = $wpdb->options;
				if ( is_multisite() ) {
					$table = $wpdb->sitemeta;
				}
				$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"DELETE FROM `{$table}` WHERE option_name IN ( %s, %s );",
						"_transient_{$key}",
						"_transient_timeout_{$key}"
					)
				);
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
			}
			$wp_object_cache->delete( "_transient_timeout_$key", 'site-options' );

			// Update alloptions
			$alloptions = $wp_object_cache->get( 'alloptions', 'options' );
			unset( $alloptions["_site_transient_$key"] );
			unset( $alloptions["_site_transient_timeout_$key"] );
			$wp_object_cache->set( 'alloptions', $alloptions, 'options' );

			return $wp_object_cache->delete( "_site_transient_$key", 'site-options' );
		}

		return $wp_object_cache->delete( $key, $group );
	}

	function wp_cache_flush( $local_flush = false ) {
		global $wp_object_cache, $wpdb;

		if ( ! $local_flush ) {
			if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
				$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
				$wpdb->query( "INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->options}` (`option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload`) VALUES ( 'gd_system_last_cache_flush', UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ), 'no' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );" );
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
			}
		}

		return $wp_object_cache->flush();
	}

	function wp_cache_get( $key, $group = '', $force = false ) {
		global $wp_object_cache, $wpdb;

		if ( 'transient' == $group ) {
			$alloptions = $wp_object_cache->get( 'alloptions', 'options' );
			if ( isset( $alloptions["_transient_$key"] ) && isset( $alloptions["_transient_timeout_$key"] ) && $alloptions["_transient_timeout_$key"] > time() ) {
				return maybe_unserialize( $alloptions["_transient_$key"] );
			}
			$transient = $wp_object_cache->get( "_transient_$key", 'options', $force );
			$timeout   = $wp_object_cache->get( "_transient_timeout_$key", 'options', $force );
			if ( false !== $transient && ! empty( $timeout ) && $timeout > time() ) {
				return maybe_unserialize( $transient );
			}
			if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
				$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
				$result = $wpdb->get_results(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"SELECT option_name, option_value FROM `{$wpdb->options}` WHERE option_name IN ( %s, %s ) UNION SELECT 'current_time', UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) AS option_value;",
						"_transient_{$key}",
						"_transient_timeout_{$key}"
					),
					ARRAY_A
				);
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
				if ( ! empty( $result ) ) {
					$transient    = false;
					$timeout      = false;
					$current_time = time();
					foreach ( $result as $row ) {
						switch ( $row['option_name'] ) {
							case "_transient_$key" :
								$transient = $row['option_value'];
								break;
							case "_transient_timeout_$key" :
								$timeout = $row['option_value'];
								break;
							case 'current_time' :
								$current_time = $row['option_value'];
								break;
						}
					}
					if ( false !== $transient && ! empty( $timeout ) && $timeout > $current_time ) {
						return maybe_unserialize( $transient );
					}
				}
			}

			return false;
		} elseif ( 'site-transient' == $group ) {
			$transient = $wp_object_cache->get( "_site_transient_$key", 'options', $force );
			$timeout   = $wp_object_cache->get( "_site_transient_timeout_$key", 'options', $force );
			if ( false !== $transient && ! empty( $timeout ) && $timeout > time() ) {
				return maybe_unserialize( $transient );
			}
			if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
				$table = $wpdb->options;
				if ( is_multisite() ) {
					$table = $wpdb->sitemeta;
				}
				$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
				$result = $wpdb->get_results(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"SELECT option_name, option_value FROM `{$table}` WHERE option_name IN ( %s, %s ) UNION SELECT 'current_time', UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) AS option_value;",
						"_site_transient_{$key}",
						"_site_transient_timeout_{$key}"
					),
					ARRAY_A
				);
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
				if ( ! empty( $result ) ) {
					$transient    = false;
					$timeout      = false;
					$current_time = time();
					foreach ( $result as $row ) {
						switch ( $row['option_name'] ) {
							case "_site_transient_$key" :
								$transient = $row['option_value'];
								break;
							case "_site_transient_timeout_$key" :
								$timeout = $row['option_value'];
								break;
							case 'current_time' :
								$current_time = $row['option_value'];
								break;
						}
					}
					if ( false !== $transient && ! empty( $timeout ) && $timeout > $current_time ) {
						return maybe_unserialize( $transient );
					}
				}
			}

			return false;
		} else {
			return $wp_object_cache->get( $key, $group, $force );
		}
	}

	function wp_cache_init() {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		if ( mt_rand( 1, 100 ) == 42 ) {

			wpaas_prune_transients();

		}

		add_action( 'muplugins_loaded', 'wpaas_init_sync_cache' );

		$wp_object_cache = new APCu_Object_Cache();

	}

	function wp_cache_replace( $key, $data, $group = '', $expire = 0 ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		return $wp_object_cache->replace( $key, $data, $group, $expire );
	}

	function wp_cache_set( $key, $data, $group = '', $expire = 0 ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		if ( defined( 'WP_INSTALLING' ) == false ) {
			if ( 'transient' == $group ) {
				return wpaas_save_transient( $key, $data, $expire );
			} elseif ( 'site-transient' == $group ) {
				return wpaas_save_transient( $key, $data, $expire, true );
			} else {
				return $wp_object_cache->set( $key, $data, $group, $expire );
			}
		} else {
			return $wp_object_cache->delete( $key, $group );
		}
	}

	function wp_cache_switch_to_blog( $blog_id ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		return $wp_object_cache->switch_to_blog( $blog_id );
	}

	function wp_cache_add_global_groups( $groups ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		$wp_object_cache->add_global_groups( $groups );
	}

	function wp_cache_add_non_persistent_groups( $groups ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		$wp_object_cache->add_non_persistent_groups( $groups );
	}

	class GD_APCu_Object_Cache {

		private $prefix = '';
		private $local_cache = array();
		private $global_groups = array();
		private $non_persistent_groups = array();
		private $multisite = false;
		private $blog_prefix = '';

		public function __construct() {
			global $table_prefix;

			$this->multisite   = is_multisite();
			$this->blog_prefix = $this->multisite ? get_current_blog_id() . ':' : '';
			$this->prefix      = DB_HOST . '.' . DB_NAME . '.' . $table_prefix;
		}

		private function get_group( $group ) {
			return empty( $group ) ? 'default' : $group;
		}

		private function get_key( $group, $key ) {
			if ( $this->multisite && ! isset( $this->global_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				return $this->prefix . '.' . $group . '.' . $this->blog_prefix . ':' . $key;
			} else {
				return $this->prefix . '.' . $group . '.' . $key;
			}
		}

		public function add( $key, $data, $group = 'default', $expire = 0 ) {
			$group = $this->get_group( $group );
			$key   = $this->get_key( $group, $key );

			if ( function_exists( 'wp_suspend_cache_addition' ) && wp_suspend_cache_addition() ) {
				return false;
			}
			if ( isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) ) {
				return false;
			}
			// FIXME: Somehow apcu_add does not return false if key already exists
			if ( ! isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) && apcu_exists( $key ) ) {
				return false;
			}

			if ( is_object( $data ) ) {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = clone $data;
			} else {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = $data;
			}

			if ( ! isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				return apcu_add( $key, $data, (int) $expire );
			}

			return true;
		}

		public function add_global_groups( $groups ) {
			if ( is_array( $groups ) ) {
				foreach ( $groups as $group ) {
					$this->global_groups[ $group ] = true;
				}
			} else {
				$this->global_groups[ $groups ] = true;
			}
		}

		public function add_non_persistent_groups( $groups ) {
			if ( is_array( $groups ) ) {
				foreach ( $groups as $group ) {
					$this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] = true;
				}
			} else {
				$this->non_persistent_groups[ $groups ] = true;
			}
		}

		public function decr( $key, $offset = 1, $group = 'default' ) {
			if ( $offset < 0 ) {
				return $this->incr( $key, abs( $offset ), $group );
			}

			$group = $this->get_group( $group );
			$key   = $this->get_key( $group, $key );

			if ( isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) && $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] - $offset >= 0 ) {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] -= $offset;
			} else {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = 0;
			}

			if ( isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				return $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ];
			} else {
				$value = apcu_dec( $key, $offset );
				if ( $value < 0 ) {
					apcu_store( $key, 0 );

					return 0;
				}

				return $value;
			}
		}

		public function delete( $key, $group = 'default', $force = false ) {
			$group = $this->get_group( $group );
			$key   = $this->get_key( $group, $key );

			unset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] );
			if ( ! isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				return apcu_delete( $key );
			}

			return true;
		}

		public function flush() {
			$this->local_cache = array();
			// TODO: only clear our own entries
			apcu_clear_cache();

			return true;
		}

		public function get( $key, $group = 'default', $force = false, &$found = null ) {
			$group = $this->get_group( $group );
			$key   = $this->get_key( $group, $key );

			if ( ! $force && isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) ) {
				$found = true;
				if ( is_object( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) ) {
					return clone $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ];
				} else {
					return $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ];
				}
			} elseif ( isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				$found = false;

				return false;
			} else {
				$value = @apcu_fetch( $key, $found );
				if ( $found ) {
					if ( $force ) {
						$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = $value;
					}

					return $value;
				} else {
					return false;
				}
			}
		}

		public function incr2( $key, $offset = 1, $group = 'default' ) {
			if ( $offset < 0 ) {
				return $this->decr( $key, abs( $offset ), $group );
			}

			$group = $this->get_group( $group );
			$key   = $this->get_key( $group, $key );

			if ( isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) && $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] + $offset >= 0 ) {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] += $offset;
			} else {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = 0;
			}

			if ( isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				return $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ];
			} else if ( function_exists( 'apcu_inc' ) ) {
				$value = apcu_inc( $key, $offset );
				if ( $value < 0 ) {
					apcu_store( $key, 0 );

					return 0;
				}

				return $value;
			}

			return false;
		}

		public function replace( $key, $data, $group = 'default', $expire = 0 ) {
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{"id":3856,"date":"2020-06-19T03:35:05","date_gmt":"2020-06-19T10:35:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/?p=3856"},"modified":"2020-07-21T18:12:41","modified_gmt":"2020-07-21T16:12:41","slug":"history-of-ww1-gas-masks-in-photos","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/history-of-ww1-gas-masks-in-photos\/","title":{"rendered":"History of WW1 gas masks in photos"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"attachment_3880\" style=\"width: 864px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3880\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3880\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/german-solidiers-and-donkey-in-gas-masks.jpg\" alt=\"History of gas mask in photos\" width=\"854\" height=\"692\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/german-solidiers-and-donkey-in-gas-masks.jpg 854w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/german-solidiers-and-donkey-in-gas-masks-300x243.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/german-solidiers-and-donkey-in-gas-masks-768x622.jpg 768w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/german-solidiers-and-donkey-in-gas-masks-360x292.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 854px) 100vw, 854px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3880\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">History of gas mask in photos: German soldiers and their mule<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">War history didn&#8217;t know gas attacks before WW1, and these photos will show you how combatants, civils, and sometimes animals, protected themselves with gas masks against this new mortal threat.<\/span><\/p>\n<h4><b>The historical appearance of gas attacks<\/b><\/h4>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Germans were the first to realize the efficiency of the gas attacks, but other countries followed them very soon. The very first german forces used chemical <a href=\"https:\/\/www.smithsonianmag.com\/smart-news\/man-who-invented-first-gas-mask-180963073\/\">shells on April 22 versus the french division<\/a>. Russian forces faced the green gas threat on May 31, 1915. A greenish cloud that appeared above the trenches at about 3:30 a.m. was mistaken for a well-known smoke screen, usually followed by an attack. Therefore, reserves tightened around the front line, and the forward line as crowded as possible.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Two Russian regiments were virtually destroyed as a result. Losses included 16 officers and 3147 soldiers. Total casualties on the entire front sector hit eight thousand.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3889\" style=\"width: 864px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3889\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3889\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/WWI-German-horse-rider-equipped-with-a-spear-and-a-gas-mask.jpg\" alt=\"WWI German horse rider equipped with a spear and a gas mask\" width=\"854\" height=\"791\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/WWI-German-horse-rider-equipped-with-a-spear-and-a-gas-mask.jpg 854w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/WWI-German-horse-rider-equipped-with-a-spear-and-a-gas-mask-300x278.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/WWI-German-horse-rider-equipped-with-a-spear-and-a-gas-mask-768x711.jpg 768w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/WWI-German-horse-rider-equipped-with-a-spear-and-a-gas-mask-360x333.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 854px) 100vw, 854px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3889\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">WWI German horse rider equipped with a spear and a gas mask<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">All allied countries started their researches towards any protection from gas attacks. Russian scientists played an exceptional role in the history of chemical warfare, and in particular, in the history of the development of gas masks.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Both in the pre-war period and during the war of 1914-1918, there were many outstanding world-famous scientists among the Russian professors. Most of them were involved in defense researches.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/crimean-war-in-35-photos-by-roger-fenton\/\">Check other war history photos: Crimean War<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3890\" style=\"width: 470px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3890\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3890\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/WWI-horses-with-their-gas-masks.-1918.jpg\" alt=\"History of gas masks in photos: horse protection\" width=\"460\" height=\"570\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/WWI-horses-with-their-gas-masks.-1918.jpg 460w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/WWI-horses-with-their-gas-masks.-1918-242x300.jpg 242w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/WWI-horses-with-their-gas-masks.-1918-360x446.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 460px) 100vw, 460px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3890\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">History of gas masks in photos: horses needed protection too<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The best mean of protection involved activated charcoal, which performed as a natural filter for gas masks. The crush-testing was pretty simple: sulfur was burned in an empty room, and when the concentration of sulfur dioxide reached a level at which it was impossible to enter the room without a gas mask, people came into it with worn gauze bandages, between the layers of which fine-grained activated charcoal was wrapped. Charcoal showed the best result when used with a tight fit of a gas mask.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nonetheless, the history of the gas mask is not that simple. Russians somewhat improved gas masks and adjusted them to the gas attacks protection then invented them. Let&#8217;s note that the modern gas mask was designed in 1912 by the American Garret Morgan. True, it was intended to protect firefighters and engineers during toxic environments works. Lewis Haslet claimed the first American patent for a &#8220;lung protection device&#8221; in 1849. The German Alexander Drager patented his gas mask design in America in 1914. All of these history devices are here, in this gas masks photos collection.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/the-history-of-the-korean-war-in-34-photos\/\">Check other war history photos: Korean War.<\/a><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3878\" style=\"width: 580px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3878\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3878\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/german-soldier-and-dog-wearing-gas-masks.jpg\" alt=\"History of gas mask in photos\" width=\"570\" height=\"786\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/german-soldier-and-dog-wearing-gas-masks.jpg 570w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/german-soldier-and-dog-wearing-gas-masks-218x300.jpg 218w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/german-soldier-and-dog-wearing-gas-masks-360x496.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3878\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">History of gas mask in photos: German soldier and his dog<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3888\" style=\"width: 879px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3888\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3888\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Verdun-preparations-.jpg\" alt=\"WW1 history in photos: Verdun gas masks\" width=\"869\" height=\"623\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Verdun-preparations-.jpg 869w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Verdun-preparations--300x215.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Verdun-preparations--768x551.jpg 768w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Verdun-preparations--360x258.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 869px) 100vw, 869px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3888\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">History photos of Verdun rumble preparations<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3887\" style=\"width: 882px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3887\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3887\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/US-soldiers-are-checking-masks.jpg\" alt=\"US soldiers are checking masks\" width=\"872\" height=\"623\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/US-soldiers-are-checking-masks.jpg 872w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/US-soldiers-are-checking-masks-300x214.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/US-soldiers-are-checking-masks-768x549.jpg 768w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/US-soldiers-are-checking-masks-360x257.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 872px) 100vw, 872px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3887\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">US soldiers are checking their gas masks, WW1.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3886\" style=\"width: 455px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3886\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3886\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Somma-battle-preparations.jpg\" alt=\"History photos of Somme battle preparations\" width=\"445\" height=\"623\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Somma-battle-preparations.jpg 445w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Somma-battle-preparations-214x300.jpg 214w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Somma-battle-preparations-360x504.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 445px) 100vw, 445px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3886\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">History photos of Somme battle preparations<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3885\" style=\"width: 852px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3885\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3885\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Soldiers-of-279th-brigade-1915.jpg\" alt=\"Soldiers of 279th brigade, 1915\" width=\"842\" height=\"623\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Soldiers-of-279th-brigade-1915.jpg 842w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Soldiers-of-279th-brigade-1915-300x222.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Soldiers-of-279th-brigade-1915-768x568.jpg 768w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Soldiers-of-279th-brigade-1915-360x266.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 842px) 100vw, 842px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3885\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Soldiers of 279th brigade, 1915<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3884\" style=\"width: 888px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3884\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-3884 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Soldiers-from-Senegal-are-training-to-wear-gas-masks.jpg\" alt=\"history photos of Soldiers from Senegal in  gas masks\" width=\"878\" height=\"623\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Soldiers-from-Senegal-are-training-to-wear-gas-masks.jpg 878w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Soldiers-from-Senegal-are-training-to-wear-gas-masks-300x213.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Soldiers-from-Senegal-are-training-to-wear-gas-masks-768x545.jpg 768w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Soldiers-from-Senegal-are-training-to-wear-gas-masks-360x255.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 878px) 100vw, 878px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3884\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Soldiers from Senegal are training to wear gas masks.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3883\" style=\"width: 826px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3883\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3883\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pate-De-Vensen-factory-workers-producing-masks.jpg\" alt=\"History photos of Pate-De-Vensen factory workers producing masks\" width=\"816\" height=\"623\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pate-De-Vensen-factory-workers-producing-masks.jpg 816w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pate-De-Vensen-factory-workers-producing-masks-300x229.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pate-De-Vensen-factory-workers-producing-masks-768x586.jpg 768w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Pate-De-Vensen-factory-workers-producing-masks-360x275.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 816px) 100vw, 816px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3883\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">History photos of Pate-De-Vensen factory workers producing masks<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3882\" style=\"width: 864px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3882\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3882\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Mother-and-child-wearing-gas-masks-somewhere-in-the-French-countryside-along-the-Western-front-1918.jpg\" alt=\"Mother and child wearing gas masks, somewhere in the French countryside along the Western front, 1918\" width=\"854\" height=\"615\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Mother-and-child-wearing-gas-masks-somewhere-in-the-French-countryside-along-the-Western-front-1918.jpg 854w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Mother-and-child-wearing-gas-masks-somewhere-in-the-French-countryside-along-the-Western-front-1918-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Mother-and-child-wearing-gas-masks-somewhere-in-the-French-countryside-along-the-Western-front-1918-768x553.jpg 768w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Mother-and-child-wearing-gas-masks-somewhere-in-the-French-countryside-along-the-Western-front-1918-360x259.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 854px) 100vw, 854px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3882\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Mother and child wearing gas masks, somewhere in the French countryside along the Western front, 1918<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3881\" style=\"width: 767px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3881\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3881\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/machine-gunners-wearing-gas-protection.jpg\" alt=\"machine gunners wearing gas protection ww1\" width=\"757\" height=\"623\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/machine-gunners-wearing-gas-protection.jpg 757w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/machine-gunners-wearing-gas-protection-300x247.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/machine-gunners-wearing-gas-protection-220x180.jpg 220w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/machine-gunners-wearing-gas-protection-360x296.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 757px) 100vw, 757px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3881\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Machine gunners wearing gas protection, 1916<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3879\" style=\"width: 864px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3879\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3879\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/German-soldiers-wearing-four-different-types-of-gas-masks-that-were-used-in-the-early-years-of-World-War-1-c.-1916.jpg\" alt=\"German soldiers wearing four different types of gas masks that were used in the early years of World War 1, c. 1916\" width=\"854\" height=\"614\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/German-soldiers-wearing-four-different-types-of-gas-masks-that-were-used-in-the-early-years-of-World-War-1-c.-1916.jpg 854w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/German-soldiers-wearing-four-different-types-of-gas-masks-that-were-used-in-the-early-years-of-World-War-1-c.-1916-300x216.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/German-soldiers-wearing-four-different-types-of-gas-masks-that-were-used-in-the-early-years-of-World-War-1-c.-1916-768x552.jpg 768w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/German-soldiers-wearing-four-different-types-of-gas-masks-that-were-used-in-the-early-years-of-World-War-1-c.-1916-360x259.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 854px) 100vw, 854px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3879\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">German soldiers were wearing four different types of gas masks that were used in the early years of World War 1, c. 1916<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3877\" style=\"width: 921px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3877\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3877\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/German-machine-gun-crew-wearing-Grabenpanzer-and-gas-masks-man-a-Becker-Flugzeugkanone-repurposed-as-an-anti-aircraft-gun-1916.jpg\" alt=\"German machine gun crew wearing Grabenpanzer and gas masks man a Becker-Flugzeugkanone repurposed as an anti aircraft gun, 1916\" width=\"911\" height=\"578\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/German-machine-gun-crew-wearing-Grabenpanzer-and-gas-masks-man-a-Becker-Flugzeugkanone-repurposed-as-an-anti-aircraft-gun-1916.jpg 911w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/German-machine-gun-crew-wearing-Grabenpanzer-and-gas-masks-man-a-Becker-Flugzeugkanone-repurposed-as-an-anti-aircraft-gun-1916-300x190.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/German-machine-gun-crew-wearing-Grabenpanzer-and-gas-masks-man-a-Becker-Flugzeugkanone-repurposed-as-an-anti-aircraft-gun-1916-768x487.jpg 768w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/German-machine-gun-crew-wearing-Grabenpanzer-and-gas-masks-man-a-Becker-Flugzeugkanone-repurposed-as-an-anti-aircraft-gun-1916-360x228.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 911px) 100vw, 911px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3877\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">German machine gun crew wearing Grabenpanzer and gas masks man a Becker-Flugzeugkanone repurposed as an anti-aircraft gun, 1916<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3875\" style=\"width: 890px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3875\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3875\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Gas-mask-training-before-battle-of-Somma.jpg\" alt=\"Gas mask training before battle of Somme\" width=\"880\" height=\"623\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Gas-mask-training-before-battle-of-Somma.jpg 880w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Gas-mask-training-before-battle-of-Somma-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Gas-mask-training-before-battle-of-Somma-768x544.jpg 768w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Gas-mask-training-before-battle-of-Somma-360x255.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 880px) 100vw, 880px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3875\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">History photos of Gas mask training before the battle of Somme<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3874\" style=\"width: 580px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3874\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3874\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/french-soldier-wiht-dog-in-a-mask.jpg\" alt=\"french soldier with dog in a mask\" width=\"570\" height=\"782\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/french-soldier-wiht-dog-in-a-mask.jpg 570w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/french-soldier-wiht-dog-in-a-mask-219x300.jpg 219w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/french-soldier-wiht-dog-in-a-mask-360x494.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3874\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">French soldier with a dog in a gas mask<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3873\" style=\"width: 780px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3873\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3873\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/French-sign-alerting-to-wear-a-mask.jpg\" alt=\"History picture of anti-gas sign\" width=\"770\" height=\"623\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/French-sign-alerting-to-wear-a-mask.jpg 770w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/French-sign-alerting-to-wear-a-mask-300x243.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/French-sign-alerting-to-wear-a-mask-768x621.jpg 768w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/French-sign-alerting-to-wear-a-mask-360x291.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 770px) 100vw, 770px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3873\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">History picture of the anti-gas sign: Wear the mask!<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3872\" style=\"width: 864px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3872\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-3872 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Four-heavily-armed-German-soldiers-wearing-gas-masks-and-an-early-type-of-steel-helmet-called-the-Gaede-which-was-introduced-on-the-Vosges-Front-in-late-1915.jpg\" alt=\"history photos  of German soldiers wearing gas masks \" width=\"854\" height=\"659\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Four-heavily-armed-German-soldiers-wearing-gas-masks-and-an-early-type-of-steel-helmet-called-the-Gaede-which-was-introduced-on-the-Vosges-Front-in-late-1915.jpg 854w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Four-heavily-armed-German-soldiers-wearing-gas-masks-and-an-early-type-of-steel-helmet-called-the-Gaede-which-was-introduced-on-the-Vosges-Front-in-late-1915-300x231.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Four-heavily-armed-German-soldiers-wearing-gas-masks-and-an-early-type-of-steel-helmet-called-the-Gaede-which-was-introduced-on-the-Vosges-Front-in-late-1915-768x593.jpg 768w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Four-heavily-armed-German-soldiers-wearing-gas-masks-and-an-early-type-of-steel-helmet-called-the-Gaede-which-was-introduced-on-the-Vosges-Front-in-late-1915-360x278.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 854px) 100vw, 854px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3872\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Four heavily armed German soldiers wearing gas masks and an early type of steel helmet called the Gaede which was introduced on the Vosges Front in late 1915<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3870\" style=\"width: 865px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3870\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3870\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Children-of-Reims-in-gas-masks-1916.jpg\" alt=\"Children of Reims in gas masks, 1916\" width=\"855\" height=\"623\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Children-of-Reims-in-gas-masks-1916.jpg 855w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Children-of-Reims-in-gas-masks-1916-300x219.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Children-of-Reims-in-gas-masks-1916-768x560.jpg 768w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Children-of-Reims-in-gas-masks-1916-360x262.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 855px) 100vw, 855px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3870\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">History photos of children of Reims in gas masks, 1916<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3869\" style=\"width: 712px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3869\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3869\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/bell-in-Marna-alarmed-about-gas-attacks.jpg\" alt=\"bell in Marna alarmed about gas attacks\" width=\"702\" height=\"623\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/bell-in-Marna-alarmed-about-gas-attacks.jpg 702w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/bell-in-Marna-alarmed-about-gas-attacks-300x266.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/bell-in-Marna-alarmed-about-gas-attacks-360x319.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 702px) 100vw, 702px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3869\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">History photos of the bell in Marna that alarmed about gas attacks, 1917<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3868\" style=\"width: 550px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3868\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3868\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/battle-of-Verdun.jpg\" alt=\"history photo of the Verdun battle\" width=\"540\" height=\"356\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/battle-of-Verdun.jpg 540w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/battle-of-Verdun-300x198.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/battle-of-Verdun-360x237.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3868\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">History photos of the Verdun battle: German soldier in a gas mask<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3867\" style=\"width: 864px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3867\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3867\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Battle-of-Amiens.-Tanks-advancing.-Prisoners-bring-in-wounded-wearing-gas-masks.-August-1918.jpg\" alt=\"Battle of Amiens. Tanks advancing. Prisoners bring in wounded wearing gas masks. August, 1918\" width=\"854\" height=\"552\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Battle-of-Amiens.-Tanks-advancing.-Prisoners-bring-in-wounded-wearing-gas-masks.-August-1918.jpg 854w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Battle-of-Amiens.-Tanks-advancing.-Prisoners-bring-in-wounded-wearing-gas-masks.-August-1918-300x194.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Battle-of-Amiens.-Tanks-advancing.-Prisoners-bring-in-wounded-wearing-gas-masks.-August-1918-768x496.jpg 768w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Battle-of-Amiens.-Tanks-advancing.-Prisoners-bring-in-wounded-wearing-gas-masks.-August-1918-555x360.jpg 555w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Battle-of-Amiens.-Tanks-advancing.-Prisoners-bring-in-wounded-wearing-gas-masks.-August-1918-360x233.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 854px) 100vw, 854px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3867\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Battle of Amiens. Tanks are advancing. Prisoners bring in wounded wearing gas masks. August 1918<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3866\" style=\"width: 1366px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3866\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3866\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/artillery-shooting-gas-shells.jpg\" alt=\"Shooting the chemical shells, 1916\" width=\"1356\" height=\"623\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/artillery-shooting-gas-shells.jpg 1356w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/artillery-shooting-gas-shells-300x138.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/artillery-shooting-gas-shells-1024x470.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/artillery-shooting-gas-shells-768x353.jpg 768w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/artillery-shooting-gas-shells-360x165.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1356px) 100vw, 1356px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3866\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Shooting the chemical shells, 1916<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3865\" style=\"width: 771px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3865\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3865\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/another-dog-wearing-a-gas-mask.jpg\" alt=\"dog wearing a gas mask\" width=\"761\" height=\"623\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/another-dog-wearing-a-gas-mask.jpg 761w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/another-dog-wearing-a-gas-mask-300x246.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/another-dog-wearing-a-gas-mask-220x180.jpg 220w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/another-dog-wearing-a-gas-mask-360x295.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 761px) 100vw, 761px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3865\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dog wearing a gas mask, 1917<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3864\" style=\"width: 580px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3864\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3864\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/An-armed-German-soldier-wearing-a-gas-mask-posing-with-a-sign-celebrating-Easter-and-an-Easter-egg-snowball-in-a-trench-on-the-Eastern-Front-1917.jpg\" alt=\"An armed German soldier wearing a gas mask posing with a sign celebrating Easter and an Easter egg snowball in a trench on the Eastern Front, 1917\" width=\"570\" height=\"844\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/An-armed-German-soldier-wearing-a-gas-mask-posing-with-a-sign-celebrating-Easter-and-an-Easter-egg-snowball-in-a-trench-on-the-Eastern-Front-1917.jpg 570w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/An-armed-German-soldier-wearing-a-gas-mask-posing-with-a-sign-celebrating-Easter-and-an-Easter-egg-snowball-in-a-trench-on-the-Eastern-Front-1917-203x300.jpg 203w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/An-armed-German-soldier-wearing-a-gas-mask-posing-with-a-sign-celebrating-Easter-and-an-Easter-egg-snowball-in-a-trench-on-the-Eastern-Front-1917-360x533.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 570px) 100vw, 570px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3864\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">An armed German soldier wearing a gas mask posing with a sign celebrating Easter and an Easter egg snowball in a trench on the Eastern Front, 1917<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3863\" style=\"width: 864px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3863\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3863\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/An-American-soldier-chokes-on-phosgene-gas-after-failing-to-put-on-his-gas-mask-in-time..jpg\" alt=\"An American soldier chokes on phosgene gas after failing to put on his gas mask in time.\" width=\"854\" height=\"549\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/An-American-soldier-chokes-on-phosgene-gas-after-failing-to-put-on-his-gas-mask-in-time..jpg 854w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/An-American-soldier-chokes-on-phosgene-gas-after-failing-to-put-on-his-gas-mask-in-time.-300x193.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/An-American-soldier-chokes-on-phosgene-gas-after-failing-to-put-on-his-gas-mask-in-time.-768x494.jpg 768w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/An-American-soldier-chokes-on-phosgene-gas-after-failing-to-put-on-his-gas-mask-in-time.-360x231.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 854px) 100vw, 854px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3863\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">An American soldier chokes on phosgene gas after failing to put on his gas mask in time.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3861\" style=\"width: 832px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3861\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3861\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/A-young-schoolboy-of-Reims-wearing-his-gas-mask-France-January-1916.jpg\" alt=\"A young schoolboy of Reims wearing his gas mask, France, January 1916\" width=\"822\" height=\"732\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/A-young-schoolboy-of-Reims-wearing-his-gas-mask-France-January-1916.jpg 822w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/A-young-schoolboy-of-Reims-wearing-his-gas-mask-France-January-1916-300x267.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/A-young-schoolboy-of-Reims-wearing-his-gas-mask-France-January-1916-768x684.jpg 768w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/A-young-schoolboy-of-Reims-wearing-his-gas-mask-France-January-1916-360x321.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 822px) 100vw, 822px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3861\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">A young schoolboy of Reims wearing his gas mask, France, January 1916<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3860\" style=\"width: 631px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3860\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-3860 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/A-nurse-in-a-gas-mask-1917.jpg\" alt=\"History photo of a nurse wearing a gas mask, 1918\" width=\"621\" height=\"623\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/A-nurse-in-a-gas-mask-1917.jpg 621w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/A-nurse-in-a-gas-mask-1917-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/A-nurse-in-a-gas-mask-1917-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/A-nurse-in-a-gas-mask-1917-360x361.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 621px) 100vw, 621px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3860\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">History photo of a nurse wearing a gas mask, 1918<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3859\" style=\"width: 892px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3859\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-3859 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/A-gas-attack-signal-post.jpg\" alt=\"alarm signaling a gas attack\" width=\"882\" height=\"623\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/A-gas-attack-signal-post.jpg 882w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/A-gas-attack-signal-post-300x212.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/A-gas-attack-signal-post-768x542.jpg 768w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/A-gas-attack-signal-post-360x254.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 882px) 100vw, 882px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3859\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Alarm signaling a gas attack, 1916<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3858\" style=\"width: 848px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3858\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-3858 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/a-cage-protected-post-pigeons-from-gas.jpg\" alt=\"history photos of post pigeons cages\" width=\"838\" height=\"623\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/a-cage-protected-post-pigeons-from-gas.jpg 838w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/a-cage-protected-post-pigeons-from-gas-300x223.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/a-cage-protected-post-pigeons-from-gas-768x571.jpg 768w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/a-cage-protected-post-pigeons-from-gas-360x268.jpg 360w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 838px) 100vw, 838px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3858\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">These cages saved post pigeons&#8217; lives during the gas attacks.<\/p><\/div>\n<p>\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>War history didn&#8217;t know gas attacks before WW1, and these photos will show you how combatants, civils, and sometimes animals, protected themselves&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3879,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[37,76],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>History of WW1 gas masks in photos - Old Pictures<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"History of gas protection in photos: how combatants, civils, and sometimes animals, protected themselves with gas masks against this new mortal threat.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, 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