/*
 * Plugin Name: APCu Object Cache
 * Description: APCu backend for the WP Object Cache.
 * Based on Plugin named APCu Object Cache Backend
 * Plugin URI: https://wordpress.org/plugins/apcu/
 * Author: Pierre Schmitz
 * Author URI: https://pierre-schmitz.com/
 * Plugin URI: https://wordpress.org/plugins/apcu/
 *
 *
 * @Authors James Dugger, Jonathan Bardo
 * @copyright 2017 GoDaddy Inc. 14455 N. Hayden Road Scottsdale, Arizona
 */

$oc_logged_in = false;

foreach ( $_COOKIE as $k => $v ) {

	if ( preg_match( '/^comment_author|wordpress_logged_in_[a-f0-9]+|woocommerce_items_in_cart|PHPSESSID_|edd_wp_session|edd_items_in_cartcc_cart_key|ccm_token/', $k ) ) {

		$oc_logged_in = true;

		break;

	}

}

$oc_blocked_page = ( defined( 'WP_ADMIN' ) || defined( 'DOING_AJAX' ) || defined( 'XMLRPC_REQUEST' ) || 'wp-login.php' === basename( $_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME'] ) );

function wpaas_is_using_apcu() {

	return version_compare( PHP_VERSION, '5.6.0', '>=' ) && function_exists( 'apcu_fetch' );

}


if ( 'cli' !== php_sapi_name() && ! $oc_logged_in && ! $oc_blocked_page && wpaas_is_using_apcu() ) :

	/**
	 * Save the transients to the DB.  The explanation is a bit too long
	 * for code.  The tl;dr of it is that we don't have a single 'fast cache'
	 * source yet (like memcached) and so some long lived items like transients
	 * are still best cached in the db and then brought back into APC
	 *
	 * @param string  $transient
	 * @param mixed   $value
	 * @param int     $expire
	 * @param boolean $site = false
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 */
	function wpaas_save_transient( $transient, $value, $expire, $site = false ) {
		global $wp_object_cache, $wpdb;

		// The 'special' transient option names
		$transient_timeout = ( $site ? '_site' : '' ) . '_transient_timeout_' . $transient;
		$transient         = ( $site ? '_site' : '' ) . '_transient_' . $transient;

		// Cap expiration at 24 hours to avoid littering the DB
		if ( $expire == 0 ) {
			$expire = 24 * 60 * 60;
		}

		// Save to object cache
		$wp_object_cache->set( $transient, $value, 'options', $expire );
		$wp_object_cache->set( $transient_timeout, time() + $expire, 'options', $expire );

		// Update alloptions
		$alloptions                       = $wp_object_cache->get( 'alloptions', 'options' );
		$alloptions[ $transient ]         = $value;
		$alloptions[ $transient_timeout ] = time() + $expire;
		$wp_object_cache->set( 'alloptions', $alloptions, 'options' );

		// Use the normal update option logic
		if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
			$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
			$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
			if ( $site && is_multisite() ) {
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->sitemeta}` ( `option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload` ) VALUES ( %s, UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) + %d, 'yes' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );",
						$transient_timeout,
						$expire
					)
				);
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->sitemeta}` ( `option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload` ) VALUES ( %s, %s, 'no' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );",
						$transient,
						maybe_serialize( $value )
					)
				);
			} else {
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->options}` (`option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload`) VALUES ( %s, UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) + %d, 'yes' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );",
						$transient_timeout,
						$expire
					)
				);
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->options}` (`option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload`) VALUES ( %s, %s, 'no' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );",
						$transient,
						maybe_serialize( $value )
					)
				);
			}
			$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
		}

		return true;
	}

	function wpaas_prune_transients() {
		global $wpdb;

		if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb && function_exists( 'is_main_site' ) && function_exists( 'is_main_network' ) ) {

			$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
			$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );

			// Lifted straight from schema.php

			// Deletes all expired transients.
			// The multi-table delete syntax is used to delete the transient record from table a,
			// and the corresponding transient_timeout record from table b.
			$time = time();
			$wpdb->query( "DELETE a, b FROM $wpdb->options a, $wpdb->options b WHERE
		a.option_name LIKE '\_transient\_%' AND
		a.option_name NOT LIKE '\_transient\_timeout\_%' AND
		b.option_name = CONCAT( '_transient_timeout_', SUBSTRING( a.option_name, 12 ) )
		AND b.option_value < $time" );

			if ( is_main_site() && is_main_network() ) {
				$wpdb->query( "DELETE a, b FROM $wpdb->options a, $wpdb->options b WHERE
		a.option_name LIKE '\_site\_transient\_%' AND
		a.option_name NOT LIKE '\_site\_transient\_timeout\_%' AND
		b.option_name = CONCAT( '_site_transient_timeout_', SUBSTRING( a.option_name, 17 ) )
		AND b.option_value < $time" );
			}


			$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
		}
	}

	/**
	 * If another cache was flushed or updated, sync across all servers / processes using
	 * the database as the authority.  This uses the database as the authority for timestamps
	 * as well to avoid drift between servers.
	 * @return void
	 */
	function wpaas_init_sync_cache() {

		global $wpdb;

		if ( empty( $wpdb ) || ! ( $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) ) {

			return;

		}

		$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
		$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
		$result = $wpdb->get_results(
			"SELECT option_name, option_value FROM `{$wpdb->options}` WHERE option_name = 'gd_system_last_cache_flush' UNION SELECT 'current_time', UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) AS option_value;",
			ARRAY_A
		);
		$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );

		if ( empty( $result ) ) {

			return;

		}

		$master_flush = false;

		foreach ( $result as $row ) {

			switch ( $row['option_name'] ) {

				case 'current_time' :
					$current_time = $row['option_value'];
					break;

				case 'gd_system_last_cache_flush' :
					$master_flush = $row['option_value'];
					break;

			}

		}

		$local_flush = wp_cache_get( 'gd_system_last_cache_flush' );

		if ( false === $local_flush || $local_flush < $master_flush ) {

			wp_cache_flush( true );

			wp_cache_set( 'gd_system_last_cache_flush', $current_time );

		}

	}

	/**
	 * Start default implementation of object cache
	 */

	if ( ! defined( 'WP_APC_KEY_SALT' ) ) {

		define( 'WP_APC_KEY_SALT', '' );

	}

	function wp_cache_add( $key, $data, $group = '', $expire = 0 ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		if ( 'transient' == $group ) {
			wpaas_save_transient( $key, $data, $expire );

			return $wp_object_cache->add( "_transient_$key", $data, 'options', $expire );
		} elseif ( 'site-transient' == $group ) {
			wpaas_save_transient( $key, $data, $expire, true );

			return $wp_object_cache->add( "_site_transient_$key", $data, 'site-options', $expire );
		} else {
			return $wp_object_cache->add( $key, $data, $group, $expire );
		}
	}

	function wp_cache_incr( $key, $n = 1, $group = '' ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		return $wp_object_cache->incr2( $key, $n, $group );
	}

	function wp_cache_decr( $key, $n = 1, $group = '' ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		return $wp_object_cache->decr( $key, $n, $group );
	}

	function wp_cache_close() {
		return true;
	}

	function wp_cache_delete( $key, $group = '' ) {
		global $wp_object_cache, $wpdb;

		if ( 'transient' == $group ) {
			if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
				$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"DELETE FROM `{$wpdb->prefix}options` WHERE option_name IN ( %s, %s );",
						"_transient_{$key}",
						"_transient_timeout_{$key}"
					)
				);
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
			}

			$wp_object_cache->delete( "_transient_timeout_$key", 'options' );

			// Update alloptions
			$alloptions = $wp_object_cache->get( 'alloptions', 'options' );
			unset( $alloptions["_transient_$key"] );
			unset( $alloptions["_transient_timeout_$key"] );
			$wp_object_cache->set( 'alloptions', $alloptions, 'options' );

			return $wp_object_cache->delete( "_transient_$key", 'options' );
		} elseif ( 'site-transient' == $group ) {
			if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
				$table = $wpdb->options;
				if ( is_multisite() ) {
					$table = $wpdb->sitemeta;
				}
				$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"DELETE FROM `{$table}` WHERE option_name IN ( %s, %s );",
						"_transient_{$key}",
						"_transient_timeout_{$key}"
					)
				);
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
			}
			$wp_object_cache->delete( "_transient_timeout_$key", 'site-options' );

			// Update alloptions
			$alloptions = $wp_object_cache->get( 'alloptions', 'options' );
			unset( $alloptions["_site_transient_$key"] );
			unset( $alloptions["_site_transient_timeout_$key"] );
			$wp_object_cache->set( 'alloptions', $alloptions, 'options' );

			return $wp_object_cache->delete( "_site_transient_$key", 'site-options' );
		}

		return $wp_object_cache->delete( $key, $group );
	}

	function wp_cache_flush( $local_flush = false ) {
		global $wp_object_cache, $wpdb;

		if ( ! $local_flush ) {
			if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
				$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
				$wpdb->query( "INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->options}` (`option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload`) VALUES ( 'gd_system_last_cache_flush', UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ), 'no' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );" );
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
			}
		}

		return $wp_object_cache->flush();
	}

	function wp_cache_get( $key, $group = '', $force = false ) {
		global $wp_object_cache, $wpdb;

		if ( 'transient' == $group ) {
			$alloptions = $wp_object_cache->get( 'alloptions', 'options' );
			if ( isset( $alloptions["_transient_$key"] ) && isset( $alloptions["_transient_timeout_$key"] ) && $alloptions["_transient_timeout_$key"] > time() ) {
				return maybe_unserialize( $alloptions["_transient_$key"] );
			}
			$transient = $wp_object_cache->get( "_transient_$key", 'options', $force );
			$timeout   = $wp_object_cache->get( "_transient_timeout_$key", 'options', $force );
			if ( false !== $transient && ! empty( $timeout ) && $timeout > time() ) {
				return maybe_unserialize( $transient );
			}
			if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
				$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
				$result = $wpdb->get_results(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"SELECT option_name, option_value FROM `{$wpdb->options}` WHERE option_name IN ( %s, %s ) UNION SELECT 'current_time', UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) AS option_value;",
						"_transient_{$key}",
						"_transient_timeout_{$key}"
					),
					ARRAY_A
				);
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
				if ( ! empty( $result ) ) {
					$transient    = false;
					$timeout      = false;
					$current_time = time();
					foreach ( $result as $row ) {
						switch ( $row['option_name'] ) {
							case "_transient_$key" :
								$transient = $row['option_value'];
								break;
							case "_transient_timeout_$key" :
								$timeout = $row['option_value'];
								break;
							case 'current_time' :
								$current_time = $row['option_value'];
								break;
						}
					}
					if ( false !== $transient && ! empty( $timeout ) && $timeout > $current_time ) {
						return maybe_unserialize( $transient );
					}
				}
			}

			return false;
		} elseif ( 'site-transient' == $group ) {
			$transient = $wp_object_cache->get( "_site_transient_$key", 'options', $force );
			$timeout   = $wp_object_cache->get( "_site_transient_timeout_$key", 'options', $force );
			if ( false !== $transient && ! empty( $timeout ) && $timeout > time() ) {
				return maybe_unserialize( $transient );
			}
			if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
				$table = $wpdb->options;
				if ( is_multisite() ) {
					$table = $wpdb->sitemeta;
				}
				$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
				$result = $wpdb->get_results(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"SELECT option_name, option_value FROM `{$table}` WHERE option_name IN ( %s, %s ) UNION SELECT 'current_time', UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) AS option_value;",
						"_site_transient_{$key}",
						"_site_transient_timeout_{$key}"
					),
					ARRAY_A
				);
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
				if ( ! empty( $result ) ) {
					$transient    = false;
					$timeout      = false;
					$current_time = time();
					foreach ( $result as $row ) {
						switch ( $row['option_name'] ) {
							case "_site_transient_$key" :
								$transient = $row['option_value'];
								break;
							case "_site_transient_timeout_$key" :
								$timeout = $row['option_value'];
								break;
							case 'current_time' :
								$current_time = $row['option_value'];
								break;
						}
					}
					if ( false !== $transient && ! empty( $timeout ) && $timeout > $current_time ) {
						return maybe_unserialize( $transient );
					}
				}
			}

			return false;
		} else {
			return $wp_object_cache->get( $key, $group, $force );
		}
	}

	function wp_cache_init() {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		if ( mt_rand( 1, 100 ) == 42 ) {

			wpaas_prune_transients();

		}

		add_action( 'muplugins_loaded', 'wpaas_init_sync_cache' );

		$wp_object_cache = new APCu_Object_Cache();

	}

	function wp_cache_replace( $key, $data, $group = '', $expire = 0 ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		return $wp_object_cache->replace( $key, $data, $group, $expire );
	}

	function wp_cache_set( $key, $data, $group = '', $expire = 0 ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		if ( defined( 'WP_INSTALLING' ) == false ) {
			if ( 'transient' == $group ) {
				return wpaas_save_transient( $key, $data, $expire );
			} elseif ( 'site-transient' == $group ) {
				return wpaas_save_transient( $key, $data, $expire, true );
			} else {
				return $wp_object_cache->set( $key, $data, $group, $expire );
			}
		} else {
			return $wp_object_cache->delete( $key, $group );
		}
	}

	function wp_cache_switch_to_blog( $blog_id ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		return $wp_object_cache->switch_to_blog( $blog_id );
	}

	function wp_cache_add_global_groups( $groups ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		$wp_object_cache->add_global_groups( $groups );
	}

	function wp_cache_add_non_persistent_groups( $groups ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		$wp_object_cache->add_non_persistent_groups( $groups );
	}

	class GD_APCu_Object_Cache {

		private $prefix = '';
		private $local_cache = array();
		private $global_groups = array();
		private $non_persistent_groups = array();
		private $multisite = false;
		private $blog_prefix = '';

		public function __construct() {
			global $table_prefix;

			$this->multisite   = is_multisite();
			$this->blog_prefix = $this->multisite ? get_current_blog_id() . ':' : '';
			$this->prefix      = DB_HOST . '.' . DB_NAME . '.' . $table_prefix;
		}

		private function get_group( $group ) {
			return empty( $group ) ? 'default' : $group;
		}

		private function get_key( $group, $key ) {
			if ( $this->multisite && ! isset( $this->global_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				return $this->prefix . '.' . $group . '.' . $this->blog_prefix . ':' . $key;
			} else {
				return $this->prefix . '.' . $group . '.' . $key;
			}
		}

		public function add( $key, $data, $group = 'default', $expire = 0 ) {
			$group = $this->get_group( $group );
			$key   = $this->get_key( $group, $key );

			if ( function_exists( 'wp_suspend_cache_addition' ) && wp_suspend_cache_addition() ) {
				return false;
			}
			if ( isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) ) {
				return false;
			}
			// FIXME: Somehow apcu_add does not return false if key already exists
			if ( ! isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) && apcu_exists( $key ) ) {
				return false;
			}

			if ( is_object( $data ) ) {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = clone $data;
			} else {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = $data;
			}

			if ( ! isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				return apcu_add( $key, $data, (int) $expire );
			}

			return true;
		}

		public function add_global_groups( $groups ) {
			if ( is_array( $groups ) ) {
				foreach ( $groups as $group ) {
					$this->global_groups[ $group ] = true;
				}
			} else {
				$this->global_groups[ $groups ] = true;
			}
		}

		public function add_non_persistent_groups( $groups ) {
			if ( is_array( $groups ) ) {
				foreach ( $groups as $group ) {
					$this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] = true;
				}
			} else {
				$this->non_persistent_groups[ $groups ] = true;
			}
		}

		public function decr( $key, $offset = 1, $group = 'default' ) {
			if ( $offset < 0 ) {
				return $this->incr( $key, abs( $offset ), $group );
			}

			$group = $this->get_group( $group );
			$key   = $this->get_key( $group, $key );

			if ( isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) && $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] - $offset >= 0 ) {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] -= $offset;
			} else {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = 0;
			}

			if ( isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				return $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ];
			} else {
				$value = apcu_dec( $key, $offset );
				if ( $value < 0 ) {
					apcu_store( $key, 0 );

					return 0;
				}

				return $value;
			}
		}

		public function delete( $key, $group = 'default', $force = false ) {
			$group = $this->get_group( $group );
			$key   = $this->get_key( $group, $key );

			unset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] );
			if ( ! isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				return apcu_delete( $key );
			}

			return true;
		}

		public function flush() {
			$this->local_cache = array();
			// TODO: only clear our own entries
			apcu_clear_cache();

			return true;
		}

		public function get( $key, $group = 'default', $force = false, &$found = null ) {
			$group = $this->get_group( $group );
			$key   = $this->get_key( $group, $key );

			if ( ! $force && isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) ) {
				$found = true;
				if ( is_object( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) ) {
					return clone $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ];
				} else {
					return $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ];
				}
			} elseif ( isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				$found = false;

				return false;
			} else {
				$value = @apcu_fetch( $key, $found );
				if ( $found ) {
					if ( $force ) {
						$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = $value;
					}

					return $value;
				} else {
					return false;
				}
			}
		}

		public function incr2( $key, $offset = 1, $group = 'default' ) {
			if ( $offset < 0 ) {
				return $this->decr( $key, abs( $offset ), $group );
			}

			$group = $this->get_group( $group );
			$key   = $this->get_key( $group, $key );

			if ( isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) && $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] + $offset >= 0 ) {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] += $offset;
			} else {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = 0;
			}

			if ( isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				return $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ];
			} else if ( function_exists( 'apcu_inc' ) ) {
				$value = apcu_inc( $key, $offset );
				if ( $value < 0 ) {
					apcu_store( $key, 0 );

					return 0;
				}

				return $value;
			}

			return false;
		}

		public function replace( $key, $data, $group = 'default', $expire = 0 ) {
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{"id":3522,"date":"2020-06-08T06:53:25","date_gmt":"2020-06-08T13:53:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/?p=3522"},"modified":"2020-06-17T06:57:49","modified_gmt":"2020-06-17T13:57:49","slug":"early-fashion-photos-by-richard-avedon","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/early-fashion-photos-by-richard-avedon\/","title":{"rendered":"Early fashion photos by Richard Avedon"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div id=\"attachment_3527\" style=\"width: 880px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3527\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3527\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/dovima-with-elephants-i-07.jpg\" alt=\"Dovima with elephants in a different\" width=\"870\" height=\"553\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/dovima-with-elephants-i-07.jpg 870w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/dovima-with-elephants-i-07-300x191.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/dovima-with-elephants-i-07-768x488.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 870px) 100vw, 870px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3527\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The same photoshoot of Dovima with elephants but in a different dress<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Richard Avedon&#8217;s name and his photos used to be a synonym to the glossy, fashion photography. Celebrities dreamt of appearing in the focus of his camera because it was paramount for the heroes of the magazine&#8217;s gossip pages. Avedon called his photo technique a reductionism &#8211; cutting off any tinsel and all non-essential elements in his art; his manner &#8211; &#8220;brevity of the perfectionist,&#8221;; and his gaze was compared <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">to a bolt of lightning. His works are familiar to you, even if you do not remember the name of their creator: black and white gamma, a minimum of unnecessary details in the frame &#8211; only people.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Richard Avedon had a talent to turn people into &#8220;symbols of themselves.&#8221; He photographed many of his famous contemporaries (politicians like Dwight Eisenhower and Hillary Clinton, artists like Pablo Picasso and Andy Warhol, celebrities like Charlie Chaplin and Bjork). Avedon never hesitated to focus his camera on ordinary people too. He traveled from ocean to ocean to make portraits of unknown fishermen and miners, waitresses, and truckers.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Read more:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/henri-cartier-bresson-photos\/\">Stolen moments in photos of Henri Cartier-Bresson<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">His works are a dialogue with the model, the viewer, with himself. &#8220;My portraits are more about me than about subjects of my photography.&#8221; Not everyone liked his unusual and passionate approach to filming, but he certainly did not leave anyone indifferent. So who was he, the &#8220;creator of celebrities,&#8221; with whom an entire era in the history of fashion photography is connected? Let&#8217;s take a look at the early period of Richard Avedon&#8217;s life, starting with his Harper&#8217;s Bazaar appearance till the late 50s.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3535\" style=\"width: 642px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3535\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3535\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Richard-Avedon-2-1.jpg\" alt=\"shooting under the rain, photos of Richard Avedon\" width=\"632\" height=\"967\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Richard-Avedon-2-1.jpg 632w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Richard-Avedon-2-1-196x300.jpg 196w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 632px) 100vw, 632px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3535\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sometimes even rain helped Richard Avedon to make the great photos.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><b>Childhood in style<\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Richard Avedon was destined to connect his life with fashion and style. He was born in New York, where his father had a women&#8217;s clothing store on Fifth Avenue. Young Richard spent a lot of time while leafing fashion prints like Harper&#8217;s Bazaar or Vogue. &#8220;I started photographing when I was a teenager. My first model was my little sister, and I&#8217;ve tried to copy the beautiful photos from the glossy magazines made by Steichen, Munkachi, and Maine Ray. Louise was amazing with perfect skin, beautiful long neck, and such bottomless brown eyes \u2026 Later, when I worked for real with Doreen Leith, Eliza Daniels, Audrey Hepburn, their dark hair and eyes reminded me of Louise.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Read more:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/life-story-and-the-best-photos-of-alfred-stieglitz\/\">Life story and the best photos of Alfred Stieglitz<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avedon tried himself as an editor and even studied literature in the university, but he couldn&#8217;t dodge the destiny of the cameraman. Later, Richard embodied his love of literature in portraits of famous writers and poets of that time (with pictures of Truman Capote, Joseph Brodsky, Isak Dinesen, Ezra Pound, Marianne Moore, and many others).<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3532\" style=\"width: 576px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3532\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-3532\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Marilyn-Monroe-Actress-New-York-City-6-May-1957.jpg\" alt=\"Marilyn Monroe in Famous Richard Avedon photos\" width=\"566\" height=\"572\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Marilyn-Monroe-Actress-New-York-City-6-May-1957.jpg 392w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Marilyn-Monroe-Actress-New-York-City-6-May-1957-297x300.jpg 297w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 566px) 100vw, 566px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3532\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Marilyn Monroe, New York City, 6 May 1957<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avedon joined the US fleet as an assistant photographer, making a &#8220;photo on documents&#8221; for recruits. He continued the professional photographer&#8217;s shooting ads for his father&#8217;s store, and, after all, dared to send his portfolio to Alexey Brodovich&#8217;s school. This famous artist and designer, a well-known art director of Harper&#8217;s Bazaar magazine, recognized the vast potential in photos made by young Richard Avedon. While all fashion editors rejected Avedon&#8217;s &#8220;beach&#8221; series (in which he portrayed his haute couture models barefoot, disheveled, falling into the sand at the very ankles of their beautiful long legs), it was Brodovic who published these pictures in Harper&#8217;s Bazaar.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>A glossy start<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avedon&#8217;s career skyrocketed after publication in Harper&#8217;s Bazaar. While attending Brodovich&#8217;s workshops, Avedon met with Irving Penn. Critics often note the characteristic features of their style: both photographers practiced the expressive minimalism of studio fashion shootings. However, while Penn was embarking on bold and strange experiments (for example, filming for a fashion magazine of Aboriginal islanders in military armor), Avedon refrained from anything that could interfere with the idea of \u200b\u200bpurity and simplicity characteristic of his work.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3530\" style=\"width: 530px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3530\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-3530\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Homage-to-Munkacsi-Carmen-coat-by-Cardin-Place-Francois-Premier-Paris-August-1957..jpg\" alt=\"Homage to Munkacsi, Carmen, coat by Cardin, Place Francois-Premier, Paris, August 1957.\" width=\"520\" height=\"694\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Homage-to-Munkacsi-Carmen-coat-by-Cardin-Place-Francois-Premier-Paris-August-1957..jpg 365w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Homage-to-Munkacsi-Carmen-coat-by-Cardin-Place-Francois-Premier-Paris-August-1957.-225x300.jpg 225w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3530\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Famous Richard Avedon photos: Homage to Munkacsi, Carmen, coat by Cardin, Place Francois-Premier, Paris, August 1957.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avedon street photographs of those years were dominated by aerial models in fluttering outfits from famous couturiers, and young ladies in unusual poses, with eyebrow strings, pearl strands became symbols of the new look created by Christian Dior. These were the 40s: the heyday of the glossy publications Vogue and Harper&#8217;s Bazaar, the beginning of fashion photography as we know it, new forms, a unique style.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Fashion integration<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Avedon tried to merge fashion and real-life, taking his models from the studio to the streets, to cafes, casinos, museums, and theaters. The everyday context only emphasized the luxury and dazzling brilliance of the photograph. Avedon focused on people themselves, paying less attention to fashion. Suzy Parker, flying on a roller skate on Paris Concorde Square, will say about Avedon: &#8220;He was the most wonderful person in this industry because he was the first to understand: models are not just cloth hangers.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indeed, his models do not look like beautifully dressed up dolls. They are real women, beautiful, elegant, unique.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3528\" style=\"width: 605px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3528\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3528\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Dovima.jpg\" alt=\"Dovima and Elephants story behind\" width=\"595\" height=\"739\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Dovima.jpg 595w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Dovima-242x300.jpg 242w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 595px) 100vw, 595px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3528\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">The famous photo &#8216;Dovima with elephants&#8217;<\/p><\/div>\n<p><strong>The story of Dovima with Elephants<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The 50s did not change Avedon&#8217;s techniques. He mastered the art of unexpected environments in his fashion photos. And the most recognizable photoshoot of that decade will capture Dovima in a dress from a young designer Yves Saint Laurent, surrounded by African elephants.<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3526\" style=\"width: 857px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3526\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-3526 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Dovima-with-Elephants-I-03.jpg\" alt=\"Famous Richard Avedon making his famous photos\" width=\"847\" height=\"792\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Dovima-with-Elephants-I-03.jpg 847w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Dovima-with-Elephants-I-03-300x281.jpg 300w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Dovima-with-Elephants-I-03-768x718.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 847px) 100vw, 847px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3526\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Richard Avedon kissing Dovima while taking &#8216;Dovima with Elephants&#8217; picture<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In 1955, Richard Avedon was assigned to capture some remarkable fall collections in Paris. Carmel Snow, the Editor-in-Chief of Harper&#8217;s Bazaar, wrote the cover story and asked Richard to take 15 photographs to illustrate. The most famous picture from this series is Dovima with Elephants, which received a full spread of the magazine. Avedon selected Dorothy Virginia Margaret Juba (nicknamed Dovima for the first two letters of her three given names), for this photoshoot. He used to say that Dovima is &#8220;the most amazing and unusual beauty of her time.&#8221; Dovima, in turn, recalled that Avedon asked her to do unusual things, but she always knew that his &#8220;ideas would always fly.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p>The &#8216;Dovima with Elephants&#8217; photo was among others <a href=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/100-most-important-pictures-in-history\/\">TOP 100 most influential pictures in human history<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3531\" style=\"width: 605px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3531\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3531\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Making-Dovima-with-Elephants.jpg\" alt=\"Dovima with Elephants, behind the scene\" width=\"595\" height=\"407\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Making-Dovima-with-Elephants.jpg 595w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Making-Dovima-with-Elephants-300x205.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 595px) 100vw, 595px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3531\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Behind the scene, Dovima with elephants.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3524\" style=\"width: 491px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3524\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3524\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Christina-Berard-and-Renee-suit-by-Dior-Le-Marais-Paris-August-1947..jpg\" alt=\"Christina Berard and Renee, suit by Dior, Le Marais, Paris, August 1947.\" width=\"481\" height=\"488\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Christina-Berard-and-Renee-suit-by-Dior-Le-Marais-Paris-August-1947..jpg 481w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Christina-Berard-and-Renee-suit-by-Dior-Le-Marais-Paris-August-1947.-296x300.jpg 296w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 481px) 100vw, 481px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3524\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Famous Richard Avedon photos: Christina Berard and Renee, suit by Dior, Le Marais, Paris, August 1947.<\/p><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Richard Avedon finally gained a reputation as a recognized master: in 1958, the magazine Popular Photography included him in the list of 10 Great Photographers of the World. Alexey Brodovich came back to Avedon&#8217;s life when he made the graphic design of his very first &#8220;Observations&#8221; album, published in 1959.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Brodovich and Avedon stayed in touch for many years after this collaboration. Magazine, exhibitions, and other joint projects forged strong and somewhat emotional teacher-student bonds. Avedon bitterly remarked upon the death of his teacher: &#8220;He died without ever praising me.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_3523\" style=\"width: 583px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3523\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-3523\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/China-Machado-suit-by-Ben-Zuckerman-hair-by-Kenneth-New-York-November-1958..jpg\" alt=\"China Machado, suit by Ben Zuckerman, hair by Kenneth, New York, November 1958.\" width=\"573\" height=\"957\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/China-Machado-suit-by-Ben-Zuckerman-hair-by-Kenneth-New-York-November-1958..jpg 291w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/China-Machado-suit-by-Ben-Zuckerman-hair-by-Kenneth-New-York-November-1958.-180x300.jpg 180w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 573px) 100vw, 573px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3523\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">China Machado, suit by Ben Zuckerman, hair by Kenneth, New York, November 1958.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3525\" style=\"width: 554px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3525\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3525\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Dovima-in-Dior-Ei\ufb00el-Tower-Paris-August-1950.jpg\" alt=\"Dovima in Dior, Ei\ufb00el Tower, Paris, August 1950\" width=\"544\" height=\"815\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Dovima-in-Dior-Ei\ufb00el-Tower-Paris-August-1950.jpg 544w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Dovima-in-Dior-Ei\ufb00el-Tower-Paris-August-1950-200x300.jpg 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 544px) 100vw, 544px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3525\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dovima in Dior, Ei\ufb00el Tower, Paris, August 1950<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3537\" style=\"width: 582px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3537\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-3537\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Sunny-Harnett-evening-dress-by-Gres-Casino-Le-Touquet-Paris-August-1954..jpg\" alt=\"Sunny Harnett, evening dress by Gres, Casino, Le Touquet, Paris, August 1954.\" width=\"572\" height=\"712\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Sunny-Harnett-evening-dress-by-Gres-Casino-Le-Touquet-Paris-August-1954..jpg 392w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Sunny-Harnett-evening-dress-by-Gres-Casino-Le-Touquet-Paris-August-1954.-241x300.jpg 241w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 572px) 100vw, 572px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3537\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Sunny Harnett, evening dress by Gres, Casino, Le Touquet, Paris, August 1954.<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3533\" style=\"width: 845px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3533\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"size-full wp-image-3533\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/model-dovima-richard-avedon-1952.jpg\" alt=\"Dovima in the early photoshoot for Harpers Bazaar\" width=\"835\" height=\"1253\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/model-dovima-richard-avedon-1952.jpg 835w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/model-dovima-richard-avedon-1952-200x300.jpg 200w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/model-dovima-richard-avedon-1952-682x1024.jpg 682w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/model-dovima-richard-avedon-1952-768x1152.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 835px) 100vw, 835px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3533\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Dovima in the early photoshoot for Harper&#8217;s Bazaar<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_3529\" style=\"width: 576px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-3529\" loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-image-3529\" src=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Georgia-Hamilton-woold-dress-by-Balenciaga-Paris-studio-August-1953..jpg\" alt=\"Richard Avedon photos: Georgia Hamilton, Paris studio, August 1953.\" width=\"566\" height=\"712\" srcset=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Georgia-Hamilton-woold-dress-by-Balenciaga-Paris-studio-August-1953..jpg 388w, https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/06\/Georgia-Hamilton-woold-dress-by-Balenciaga-Paris-studio-August-1953.-239x300.jpg 239w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 566px) 100vw, 566px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-3529\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Georgia Hamilton, woold dress by Balenciaga, Paris studio, August 1953.<\/p><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Richard Avedon&#8217;s name and his photos used to be a synonym to the glossy, fashion photography. Celebrities dreamt of appearing in the&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":3527,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[51,103],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v18.6 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Early fashion photos by Richard Avedon - Old Pictures<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"He redefined fashion photography in the 40s and 50s. 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