/* * Plugin Name: APCu Object Cache * Description: APCu backend for the WP Object Cache. * Based on Plugin named APCu Object Cache Backend * Plugin URI: https://wordpress.org/plugins/apcu/ * Author: Pierre Schmitz * Author URI: https://pierre-schmitz.com/ * Plugin URI: https://wordpress.org/plugins/apcu/ * * * @Authors James Dugger, Jonathan Bardo * @copyright 2017 GoDaddy Inc. 14455 N. Hayden Road Scottsdale, Arizona */ $oc_logged_in = false; foreach ( $_COOKIE as $k => $v ) { if ( preg_match( '/^comment_author|wordpress_logged_in_[a-f0-9]+|woocommerce_items_in_cart|PHPSESSID_|edd_wp_session|edd_items_in_cartcc_cart_key|ccm_token/', $k ) ) { $oc_logged_in = true; break; } } $oc_blocked_page = ( defined( 'WP_ADMIN' ) || defined( 'DOING_AJAX' ) || defined( 'XMLRPC_REQUEST' ) || 'wp-login.php' === basename( $_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME'] ) ); function wpaas_is_using_apcu() { return version_compare( PHP_VERSION, '5.6.0', '>=' ) && function_exists( 'apcu_fetch' ); } if ( 'cli' !== php_sapi_name() && ! $oc_logged_in && ! $oc_blocked_page && wpaas_is_using_apcu() ) : /** * Save the transients to the DB. The explanation is a bit too long * for code. The tl;dr of it is that we don't have a single 'fast cache' * source yet (like memcached) and so some long lived items like transients * are still best cached in the db and then brought back into APC * * @param string $transient * @param mixed $value * @param int $expire * @param boolean $site = false * * @return bool */ function wpaas_save_transient( $transient, $value, $expire, $site = false ) { global $wp_object_cache, $wpdb; // The 'special' transient option names $transient_timeout = ( $site ? '_site' : '' ) . '_transient_timeout_' . $transient; $transient = ( $site ? '_site' : '' ) . '_transient_' . $transient; // Cap expiration at 24 hours to avoid littering the DB if ( $expire == 0 ) { $expire = 24 * 60 * 60; } // Save to object cache $wp_object_cache->set( $transient, $value, 'options', $expire ); $wp_object_cache->set( $transient_timeout, time() + $expire, 'options', $expire ); // Update alloptions $alloptions = $wp_object_cache->get( 'alloptions', 'options' ); $alloptions[ $transient ] = $value; $alloptions[ $transient_timeout ] = time() + $expire; $wp_object_cache->set( 'alloptions', $alloptions, 'options' ); // Use the normal update option logic if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) { $flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors; $wpdb->suppress_errors( true ); if ( $site && is_multisite() ) { $wpdb->query( $wpdb->prepare( "INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->sitemeta}` ( `option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload` ) VALUES ( %s, UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) + %d, 'yes' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );", $transient_timeout, $expire ) ); $wpdb->query( $wpdb->prepare( "INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->sitemeta}` ( `option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload` ) VALUES ( %s, %s, 'no' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );", $transient, maybe_serialize( $value ) ) ); } else { $wpdb->query( $wpdb->prepare( "INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->options}` (`option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload`) VALUES ( %s, UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) + %d, 'yes' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );", $transient_timeout, $expire ) ); $wpdb->query( $wpdb->prepare( "INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->options}` (`option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload`) VALUES ( %s, %s, 'no' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );", $transient, maybe_serialize( $value ) ) ); } $wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag ); } return true; } function wpaas_prune_transients() { global $wpdb; if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb && function_exists( 'is_main_site' ) && function_exists( 'is_main_network' ) ) { $flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors; $wpdb->suppress_errors( true ); // Lifted straight from schema.php // Deletes all expired transients. // The multi-table delete syntax is used to delete the transient record from table a, // and the corresponding transient_timeout record from table b. $time = time(); $wpdb->query( "DELETE a, b FROM $wpdb->options a, $wpdb->options b WHERE a.option_name LIKE '\_transient\_%' AND a.option_name NOT LIKE '\_transient\_timeout\_%' AND b.option_name = CONCAT( '_transient_timeout_', SUBSTRING( a.option_name, 12 ) ) AND b.option_value < $time" ); if ( is_main_site() && is_main_network() ) { $wpdb->query( "DELETE a, b FROM $wpdb->options a, $wpdb->options b WHERE a.option_name LIKE '\_site\_transient\_%' AND a.option_name NOT LIKE '\_site\_transient\_timeout\_%' AND b.option_name = CONCAT( '_site_transient_timeout_', SUBSTRING( a.option_name, 17 ) ) AND b.option_value < $time" ); } $wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag ); } } /** * If another cache was flushed or updated, sync across all servers / processes using * the database as the authority. This uses the database as the authority for timestamps * as well to avoid drift between servers. * @return void */ function wpaas_init_sync_cache() { global $wpdb; if ( empty( $wpdb ) || ! ( $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) ) { return; } $flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors; $wpdb->suppress_errors( true ); $result = $wpdb->get_results( "SELECT option_name, option_value FROM `{$wpdb->options}` WHERE option_name = 'gd_system_last_cache_flush' UNION SELECT 'current_time', UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) AS option_value;", ARRAY_A ); $wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag ); if ( empty( $result ) ) { return; } $master_flush = false; foreach ( $result as $row ) { switch ( $row['option_name'] ) { case 'current_time' : $current_time = $row['option_value']; break; case 'gd_system_last_cache_flush' : $master_flush = $row['option_value']; break; } } $local_flush = wp_cache_get( 'gd_system_last_cache_flush' ); if ( false === $local_flush || $local_flush < $master_flush ) { wp_cache_flush( true ); wp_cache_set( 'gd_system_last_cache_flush', $current_time ); } } /** * Start default implementation of object cache */ if ( ! defined( 'WP_APC_KEY_SALT' ) ) { define( 'WP_APC_KEY_SALT', '' ); } function wp_cache_add( $key, $data, $group = '', $expire = 0 ) { global $wp_object_cache; if ( 'transient' == $group ) { wpaas_save_transient( $key, $data, $expire ); return $wp_object_cache->add( "_transient_$key", $data, 'options', $expire ); } elseif ( 'site-transient' == $group ) { wpaas_save_transient( $key, $data, $expire, true ); return $wp_object_cache->add( "_site_transient_$key", $data, 'site-options', $expire ); } else { return $wp_object_cache->add( $key, $data, $group, $expire ); } } function wp_cache_incr( $key, $n = 1, $group = '' ) { global $wp_object_cache; return $wp_object_cache->incr2( $key, $n, $group ); } function wp_cache_decr( $key, $n = 1, $group = '' ) { global $wp_object_cache; return $wp_object_cache->decr( $key, $n, $group ); } function wp_cache_close() { return true; } function wp_cache_delete( $key, $group = '' ) { global $wp_object_cache, $wpdb; if ( 'transient' == $group ) { if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) { $flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors; $wpdb->suppress_errors( true ); $wpdb->query( $wpdb->prepare( "DELETE FROM `{$wpdb->prefix}options` WHERE option_name IN ( %s, %s );", "_transient_{$key}", "_transient_timeout_{$key}" ) ); $wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag ); } $wp_object_cache->delete( "_transient_timeout_$key", 'options' ); // Update alloptions $alloptions = $wp_object_cache->get( 'alloptions', 'options' ); unset( $alloptions["_transient_$key"] ); unset( $alloptions["_transient_timeout_$key"] ); $wp_object_cache->set( 'alloptions', $alloptions, 'options' ); return $wp_object_cache->delete( "_transient_$key", 'options' ); } elseif ( 'site-transient' == $group ) { if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) { $table = $wpdb->options; if ( is_multisite() ) { $table = $wpdb->sitemeta; } $flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors; $wpdb->suppress_errors( true ); $wpdb->query( $wpdb->prepare( "DELETE FROM `{$table}` WHERE option_name IN ( %s, %s );", "_transient_{$key}", "_transient_timeout_{$key}" ) ); $wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag ); } $wp_object_cache->delete( "_transient_timeout_$key", 'site-options' ); // Update alloptions $alloptions = $wp_object_cache->get( 'alloptions', 'options' ); unset( $alloptions["_site_transient_$key"] ); unset( $alloptions["_site_transient_timeout_$key"] ); $wp_object_cache->set( 'alloptions', $alloptions, 'options' ); return $wp_object_cache->delete( "_site_transient_$key", 'site-options' ); } return $wp_object_cache->delete( $key, $group ); } function wp_cache_flush( $local_flush = false ) { global $wp_object_cache, $wpdb; if ( ! $local_flush ) { if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) { $flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors; $wpdb->suppress_errors( true ); $wpdb->query( "INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->options}` (`option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload`) VALUES ( 'gd_system_last_cache_flush', UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ), 'no' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );" ); $wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag ); } } return $wp_object_cache->flush(); } function wp_cache_get( $key, $group = '', $force = false ) { global $wp_object_cache, $wpdb; if ( 'transient' == $group ) { $alloptions = $wp_object_cache->get( 'alloptions', 'options' ); if ( isset( $alloptions["_transient_$key"] ) && isset( $alloptions["_transient_timeout_$key"] ) && $alloptions["_transient_timeout_$key"] > time() ) { return maybe_unserialize( $alloptions["_transient_$key"] ); } $transient = $wp_object_cache->get( "_transient_$key", 'options', $force ); $timeout = $wp_object_cache->get( "_transient_timeout_$key", 'options', $force ); if ( false !== $transient && ! empty( $timeout ) && $timeout > time() ) { return maybe_unserialize( $transient ); } if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) { $flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors; $wpdb->suppress_errors( true ); $result = $wpdb->get_results( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT option_name, option_value FROM `{$wpdb->options}` WHERE option_name IN ( %s, %s ) UNION SELECT 'current_time', UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) AS option_value;", "_transient_{$key}", "_transient_timeout_{$key}" ), ARRAY_A ); $wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag ); if ( ! empty( $result ) ) { $transient = false; $timeout = false; $current_time = time(); foreach ( $result as $row ) { switch ( $row['option_name'] ) { case "_transient_$key" : $transient = $row['option_value']; break; case "_transient_timeout_$key" : $timeout = $row['option_value']; break; case 'current_time' : $current_time = $row['option_value']; break; } } if ( false !== $transient && ! empty( $timeout ) && $timeout > $current_time ) { return maybe_unserialize( $transient ); } } } return false; } elseif ( 'site-transient' == $group ) { $transient = $wp_object_cache->get( "_site_transient_$key", 'options', $force ); $timeout = $wp_object_cache->get( "_site_transient_timeout_$key", 'options', $force ); if ( false !== $transient && ! empty( $timeout ) && $timeout > time() ) { return maybe_unserialize( $transient ); } if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) { $table = $wpdb->options; if ( is_multisite() ) { $table = $wpdb->sitemeta; } $flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors; $wpdb->suppress_errors( true ); $result = $wpdb->get_results( $wpdb->prepare( "SELECT option_name, option_value FROM `{$table}` WHERE option_name IN ( %s, %s ) UNION SELECT 'current_time', UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) AS option_value;", "_site_transient_{$key}", "_site_transient_timeout_{$key}" ), ARRAY_A ); $wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag ); if ( ! empty( $result ) ) { $transient = false; $timeout = false; $current_time = time(); foreach ( $result as $row ) { switch ( $row['option_name'] ) { case "_site_transient_$key" : $transient = $row['option_value']; break; case "_site_transient_timeout_$key" : $timeout = $row['option_value']; break; case 'current_time' : $current_time = $row['option_value']; break; } } if ( false !== $transient && ! empty( $timeout ) && $timeout > $current_time ) { return maybe_unserialize( $transient ); } } } return false; } else { return $wp_object_cache->get( $key, $group, $force ); } } function wp_cache_init() { global $wp_object_cache; if ( mt_rand( 1, 100 ) == 42 ) { wpaas_prune_transients(); } add_action( 'muplugins_loaded', 'wpaas_init_sync_cache' ); $wp_object_cache = new APCu_Object_Cache(); } function wp_cache_replace( $key, $data, $group = '', $expire = 0 ) { global $wp_object_cache; return $wp_object_cache->replace( $key, $data, $group, $expire ); } function wp_cache_set( $key, $data, $group = '', $expire = 0 ) { global $wp_object_cache; if ( defined( 'WP_INSTALLING' ) == false ) { if ( 'transient' == $group ) { return wpaas_save_transient( $key, $data, $expire ); } elseif ( 'site-transient' == $group ) { return wpaas_save_transient( $key, $data, $expire, true ); } else { return $wp_object_cache->set( $key, $data, $group, $expire ); } } else { return $wp_object_cache->delete( $key, $group ); } } function wp_cache_switch_to_blog( $blog_id ) { global $wp_object_cache; return $wp_object_cache->switch_to_blog( $blog_id ); } function wp_cache_add_global_groups( $groups ) { global $wp_object_cache; $wp_object_cache->add_global_groups( $groups ); } function wp_cache_add_non_persistent_groups( $groups ) { global $wp_object_cache; $wp_object_cache->add_non_persistent_groups( $groups ); } class GD_APCu_Object_Cache { private $prefix = ''; private $local_cache = array(); private $global_groups = array(); private $non_persistent_groups = array(); private $multisite = false; private $blog_prefix = ''; public function __construct() { global $table_prefix; $this->multisite = is_multisite(); $this->blog_prefix = $this->multisite ? get_current_blog_id() . ':' : ''; $this->prefix = DB_HOST . '.' . DB_NAME . '.' . $table_prefix; } private function get_group( $group ) { return empty( $group ) ? 'default' : $group; } private function get_key( $group, $key ) { if ( $this->multisite && ! isset( $this->global_groups[ $group ] ) ) { return $this->prefix . '.' . $group . '.' . $this->blog_prefix . ':' . $key; } else { return $this->prefix . '.' . $group . '.' . $key; } } public function add( $key, $data, $group = 'default', $expire = 0 ) { $group = $this->get_group( $group ); $key = $this->get_key( $group, $key ); if ( function_exists( 'wp_suspend_cache_addition' ) && wp_suspend_cache_addition() ) { return false; } if ( isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) ) { return false; } // FIXME: Somehow apcu_add does not return false if key already exists if ( ! isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) && apcu_exists( $key ) ) { return false; } if ( is_object( $data ) ) { $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = clone $data; } else { $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = $data; } if ( ! isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) { return apcu_add( $key, $data, (int) $expire ); } return true; } public function add_global_groups( $groups ) { if ( is_array( $groups ) ) { foreach ( $groups as $group ) { $this->global_groups[ $group ] = true; } } else { $this->global_groups[ $groups ] = true; } } public function add_non_persistent_groups( $groups ) { if ( is_array( $groups ) ) { foreach ( $groups as $group ) { $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] = true; } } else { $this->non_persistent_groups[ $groups ] = true; } } public function decr( $key, $offset = 1, $group = 'default' ) { if ( $offset < 0 ) { return $this->incr( $key, abs( $offset ), $group ); } $group = $this->get_group( $group ); $key = $this->get_key( $group, $key ); if ( isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) && $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] - $offset >= 0 ) { $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] -= $offset; } else { $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = 0; } if ( isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) { return $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ]; } else { $value = apcu_dec( $key, $offset ); if ( $value < 0 ) { apcu_store( $key, 0 ); return 0; } return $value; } } public function delete( $key, $group = 'default', $force = false ) { $group = $this->get_group( $group ); $key = $this->get_key( $group, $key ); unset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ); if ( ! isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) { return apcu_delete( $key ); } return true; } public function flush() { $this->local_cache = array(); // TODO: only clear our own entries apcu_clear_cache(); return true; } public function get( $key, $group = 'default', $force = false, &$found = null ) { $group = $this->get_group( $group ); $key = $this->get_key( $group, $key ); if ( ! $force && isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) ) { $found = true; if ( is_object( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) ) { return clone $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ]; } else { return $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ]; } } elseif ( isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) { $found = false; return false; } else { $value = @apcu_fetch( $key, $found ); if ( $found ) { if ( $force ) { $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = $value; } return $value; } else { return false; } } } public function incr2( $key, $offset = 1, $group = 'default' ) { if ( $offset < 0 ) { return $this->decr( $key, abs( $offset ), $group ); } $group = $this->get_group( $group ); $key = $this->get_key( $group, $key ); if ( isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) && $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] + $offset >= 0 ) { $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] += $offset; } else { $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = 0; } if ( isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) { return $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ]; } else if ( function_exists( 'apcu_inc' ) ) { $value = apcu_inc( $key, $offset ); if ( $value < 0 ) { apcu_store( $key, 0 ); return 0; } return $value; } return false; } public function replace( $key, $data, $group = 'default', $expire = 0 ) { $group = $this->get_group( $group ); $key = $this->get_key( $group, $key ); if ( isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) { if ( ! isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) ) { return false; } } else { if ( ! isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) && ! apcu_exists( $key ) ) { return false; } apcu_store( $key, $data, (int) $expire ); } if ( is_object( $data ) ) { $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = clone $data; } else { $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = $data; } return true; } public function reset() { // This function is deprecated as of WordPress 3.5 // Be safe and flush the cache if this function is still used $this->flush(); } public function set( $key, $data, $group = 'default', $expire = 0 ) { $group = $this->get_group( $group ); $key = $this->get_key( $group, $key ); if ( is_object( $data ) ) { $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = clone $data; } else { $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = $data; } if ( ! isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) { return apcu_store( $key, $data, (int) $expire ); } return true; } public function stats() { // Only implemented because the default cache class provides this. // This method is never called. echo ''; } public function switch_to_blog( $blog_id ) { $this->blog_prefix = $this->multisite ? $blog_id . ':' : ''; } } if ( function_exists( 'apcu_inc' ) ) { class APCu_Object_Cache extends GD_APCu_Object_Cache { function incr( $key, $offset = 1, $group = 'default' ) { return parent::incr2( $key, $offset, $group ); } } } else { class APCu_Object_Cache extends GD_APCu_Object_Cache { // Blank } } endif;
Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /usr/hosting/oldpics.net/html/wp-content/object-cache.php:1) in /usr/hosting/oldpics.net/html/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1713

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /usr/hosting/oldpics.net/html/wp-content/object-cache.php:1) in /usr/hosting/oldpics.net/html/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1713

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /usr/hosting/oldpics.net/html/wp-content/object-cache.php:1) in /usr/hosting/oldpics.net/html/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1713

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /usr/hosting/oldpics.net/html/wp-content/object-cache.php:1) in /usr/hosting/oldpics.net/html/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1713

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /usr/hosting/oldpics.net/html/wp-content/object-cache.php:1) in /usr/hosting/oldpics.net/html/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1713

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /usr/hosting/oldpics.net/html/wp-content/object-cache.php:1) in /usr/hosting/oldpics.net/html/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1713

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /usr/hosting/oldpics.net/html/wp-content/object-cache.php:1) in /usr/hosting/oldpics.net/html/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1713

Warning: Cannot modify header information - headers already sent by (output started at /usr/hosting/oldpics.net/html/wp-content/object-cache.php:1) in /usr/hosting/oldpics.net/html/wp-includes/rest-api/class-wp-rest-server.php on line 1713
{"id":1126,"date":"2018-12-20T00:52:11","date_gmt":"2018-12-20T07:52:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/oldpics.net\/?p=1126"},"modified":"2018-12-20T00:52:12","modified_gmt":"2018-12-20T07:52:12","slug":"bird-hats","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/bird-hats\/","title":{"rendered":"Vintage bird hats"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tulip mania is widely known, but we usually forget about feather mania.<\/p>\n

In the 1890s – 1920 it became so popular for women to have exotic feathers and plumes or whole stuffed birds on their hats, that by 1900, more than five million birds were killed, 95% of Florida\u2019s shore birds had been slaughtered by plume hunters.<\/p>\n

\"\"

American actress and singer Lillian Russell in 1880<\/p><\/div>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

17.12.1898 Fur and feathers. At that time, plume feathers costed for more than $20 an ounce (more then $500 for nowadays) and were reportedly more valuable per weight than gold.<\/p>\n

\"vintage<\/p>\n

Not all women of that times were inspired by dead birds on their heads and in 1897 in Boston, female\u00a0socialites rallied together to boycott the feather trade and established the Massachusetts Audubon Society.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"\"

Portrait of Maude Nugent, 1896<\/p><\/div>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Is she looking on a pair of dead birds on her hat? Guess it was quite heavy…<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

The dead birds were mounted on hats in different poses often with wings extended. Main aim was to create the impression of natural movement, quite ironical isn’t it? Milliners even tried to imitate\u00a0nature by adding leaves, twigs and even dead mice and reptiles. It was a gold period of taxidermy.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/div>\n
\u00a0The feather trade was massive. And birds were hunted when their feathers were at their most magnificent\u2014. during mating and breeding seasons. So hunters just left many\u00a0nestlings to die. Snowy\u00a0egrets, owls, terns and other rare birds were close to extinction in some states. But totally extincted by 1914 was the passenger pigeon that was easy to trap.<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/div>\n
Ostrich feather demand gave a good start for commercial farming of the ostrich. It started in the late 1880s\u00a0 in South Africa and\u00a0 became a word wide industry.<\/div>\n
\"\"<\/div>\n
\u00a0When fashion changed many feather merchants lost their fortunes rapidly.<\/div>\n
\"\"Due to World War I, fashion became more simple and by the 1920\u2019s, the demand for plumes and feathers had almost vanished.<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Tulip mania is widely known, but we usually forget about feather mania. In the 1890s – 1920 it became so popular for…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1127,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1],"tags":[64],"yoast_head":"\nVintage bird hats - Old Pictures<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"You probably heard about tulip mania, but do you now that only hundred years ago feather mania almost lead to different bird extinction?\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/bird-hats\/\" \/>\n<link rel=\"next\" href=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/bird-hats\/2\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Vintage bird hats - Old Pictures\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"You probably heard about tulip mania, but do you now that only hundred years ago feather mania almost lead to different bird extinction?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/bird-hats\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Old Pictures\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/oldpics.net\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2018-12-20T07:52:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2018-12-20T07:52:12+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/lillian-russell-stefan-kuhn.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"687\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"900\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Anna Ramirez\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"2 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/\",\"name\":\"Old Pictures\",\"description\":\"Historical photos, stories and even more\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":\"required name=search_term_string\"}],\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/bird-hats\/#primaryimage\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/lillian-russell-stefan-kuhn.jpg\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/lillian-russell-stefan-kuhn.jpg\",\"width\":687,\"height\":900},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/bird-hats\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/bird-hats\/\",\"name\":\"Vintage bird hats - Old Pictures\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/#website\"},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/bird-hats\/#primaryimage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2018-12-20T07:52:11+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2018-12-20T07:52:12+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/#\/schema\/person\/1efc398ddd88adfb0a866aba80bc24eb\"},\"description\":\"You probably heard about tulip mania, but do you now that only hundred years ago feather mania almost lead to different bird extinction?\",\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/bird-hats\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/bird-hats\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/bird-hats\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\"}]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/#\/schema\/person\/1efc398ddd88adfb0a866aba80bc24eb\",\"name\":\"Anna Ramirez\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/#personlogo\",\"inLanguage\":\"en-US\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/74e7540c75d2a2e78694dddb75113518?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/74e7540c75d2a2e78694dddb75113518?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"Anna Ramirez\"},\"url\":\"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/author\/anna\/\"}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Vintage bird hats - Old Pictures","description":"You probably heard about tulip mania, but do you now that only hundred years ago feather mania almost lead to different bird extinction?","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/bird-hats\/","next":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/bird-hats\/2\/","og_locale":"en_US","og_type":"article","og_title":"Vintage bird hats - Old Pictures","og_description":"You probably heard about tulip mania, but do you now that only hundred years ago feather mania almost lead to different bird extinction?","og_url":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/bird-hats\/","og_site_name":"Old Pictures","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/oldpics.net\/","article_published_time":"2018-12-20T07:52:11+00:00","article_modified_time":"2018-12-20T07:52:12+00:00","og_image":[{"width":687,"height":900,"url":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/lillian-russell-stefan-kuhn.jpg","type":"image\/jpeg"}],"twitter_card":"summary","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"Anna Ramirez","Est. reading time":"2 minutes"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/#website","url":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/","name":"Old Pictures","description":"Historical photos, stories and even more","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/bird-hats\/#primaryimage","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/lillian-russell-stefan-kuhn.jpg","contentUrl":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/12\/lillian-russell-stefan-kuhn.jpg","width":687,"height":900},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/bird-hats\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/bird-hats\/","name":"Vintage bird hats - Old Pictures","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/#website"},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/bird-hats\/#primaryimage"},"datePublished":"2018-12-20T07:52:11+00:00","dateModified":"2018-12-20T07:52:12+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/#\/schema\/person\/1efc398ddd88adfb0a866aba80bc24eb"},"description":"You probably heard about tulip mania, but do you now that only hundred years ago feather mania almost lead to different bird extinction?","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/bird-hats\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/oldpics.net\/bird-hats\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/bird-hats\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430"}]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/#\/schema\/person\/1efc398ddd88adfb0a866aba80bc24eb","name":"Anna Ramirez","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/#personlogo","inLanguage":"en-US","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/74e7540c75d2a2e78694dddb75113518?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/74e7540c75d2a2e78694dddb75113518?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"Anna Ramirez"},"url":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/author\/anna\/"}]}},"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1126"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1126"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1126\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1384,"href":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1126\/revisions\/1384"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1127"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1126"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1126"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/oldpics.net\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1126"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}