/*
 * Plugin Name: APCu Object Cache
 * Description: APCu backend for the WP Object Cache.
 * Based on Plugin named APCu Object Cache Backend
 * Plugin URI: https://wordpress.org/plugins/apcu/
 * Author: Pierre Schmitz
 * Author URI: https://pierre-schmitz.com/
 * Plugin URI: https://wordpress.org/plugins/apcu/
 *
 *
 * @Authors James Dugger, Jonathan Bardo
 * @copyright 2017 GoDaddy Inc. 14455 N. Hayden Road Scottsdale, Arizona
 */

$oc_logged_in = false;

foreach ( $_COOKIE as $k => $v ) {

	if ( preg_match( '/^comment_author|wordpress_logged_in_[a-f0-9]+|woocommerce_items_in_cart|PHPSESSID_|edd_wp_session|edd_items_in_cartcc_cart_key|ccm_token/', $k ) ) {

		$oc_logged_in = true;

		break;

	}

}

$oc_blocked_page = ( defined( 'WP_ADMIN' ) || defined( 'DOING_AJAX' ) || defined( 'XMLRPC_REQUEST' ) || 'wp-login.php' === basename( $_SERVER['SCRIPT_FILENAME'] ) );

function wpaas_is_using_apcu() {

	return version_compare( PHP_VERSION, '5.6.0', '>=' ) && function_exists( 'apcu_fetch' );

}


if ( 'cli' !== php_sapi_name() && ! $oc_logged_in && ! $oc_blocked_page && wpaas_is_using_apcu() ) :

	/**
	 * Save the transients to the DB.  The explanation is a bit too long
	 * for code.  The tl;dr of it is that we don't have a single 'fast cache'
	 * source yet (like memcached) and so some long lived items like transients
	 * are still best cached in the db and then brought back into APC
	 *
	 * @param string  $transient
	 * @param mixed   $value
	 * @param int     $expire
	 * @param boolean $site = false
	 *
	 * @return bool
	 */
	function wpaas_save_transient( $transient, $value, $expire, $site = false ) {
		global $wp_object_cache, $wpdb;

		// The 'special' transient option names
		$transient_timeout = ( $site ? '_site' : '' ) . '_transient_timeout_' . $transient;
		$transient         = ( $site ? '_site' : '' ) . '_transient_' . $transient;

		// Cap expiration at 24 hours to avoid littering the DB
		if ( $expire == 0 ) {
			$expire = 24 * 60 * 60;
		}

		// Save to object cache
		$wp_object_cache->set( $transient, $value, 'options', $expire );
		$wp_object_cache->set( $transient_timeout, time() + $expire, 'options', $expire );

		// Update alloptions
		$alloptions                       = $wp_object_cache->get( 'alloptions', 'options' );
		$alloptions[ $transient ]         = $value;
		$alloptions[ $transient_timeout ] = time() + $expire;
		$wp_object_cache->set( 'alloptions', $alloptions, 'options' );

		// Use the normal update option logic
		if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
			$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
			$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
			if ( $site && is_multisite() ) {
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->sitemeta}` ( `option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload` ) VALUES ( %s, UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) + %d, 'yes' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );",
						$transient_timeout,
						$expire
					)
				);
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->sitemeta}` ( `option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload` ) VALUES ( %s, %s, 'no' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );",
						$transient,
						maybe_serialize( $value )
					)
				);
			} else {
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->options}` (`option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload`) VALUES ( %s, UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) + %d, 'yes' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );",
						$transient_timeout,
						$expire
					)
				);
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->options}` (`option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload`) VALUES ( %s, %s, 'no' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );",
						$transient,
						maybe_serialize( $value )
					)
				);
			}
			$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
		}

		return true;
	}

	function wpaas_prune_transients() {
		global $wpdb;

		if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb && function_exists( 'is_main_site' ) && function_exists( 'is_main_network' ) ) {

			$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
			$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );

			// Lifted straight from schema.php

			// Deletes all expired transients.
			// The multi-table delete syntax is used to delete the transient record from table a,
			// and the corresponding transient_timeout record from table b.
			$time = time();
			$wpdb->query( "DELETE a, b FROM $wpdb->options a, $wpdb->options b WHERE
		a.option_name LIKE '\_transient\_%' AND
		a.option_name NOT LIKE '\_transient\_timeout\_%' AND
		b.option_name = CONCAT( '_transient_timeout_', SUBSTRING( a.option_name, 12 ) )
		AND b.option_value < $time" );

			if ( is_main_site() && is_main_network() ) {
				$wpdb->query( "DELETE a, b FROM $wpdb->options a, $wpdb->options b WHERE
		a.option_name LIKE '\_site\_transient\_%' AND
		a.option_name NOT LIKE '\_site\_transient\_timeout\_%' AND
		b.option_name = CONCAT( '_site_transient_timeout_', SUBSTRING( a.option_name, 17 ) )
		AND b.option_value < $time" );
			}


			$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
		}
	}

	/**
	 * If another cache was flushed or updated, sync across all servers / processes using
	 * the database as the authority.  This uses the database as the authority for timestamps
	 * as well to avoid drift between servers.
	 * @return void
	 */
	function wpaas_init_sync_cache() {

		global $wpdb;

		if ( empty( $wpdb ) || ! ( $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) ) {

			return;

		}

		$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
		$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
		$result = $wpdb->get_results(
			"SELECT option_name, option_value FROM `{$wpdb->options}` WHERE option_name = 'gd_system_last_cache_flush' UNION SELECT 'current_time', UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) AS option_value;",
			ARRAY_A
		);
		$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );

		if ( empty( $result ) ) {

			return;

		}

		$master_flush = false;

		foreach ( $result as $row ) {

			switch ( $row['option_name'] ) {

				case 'current_time' :
					$current_time = $row['option_value'];
					break;

				case 'gd_system_last_cache_flush' :
					$master_flush = $row['option_value'];
					break;

			}

		}

		$local_flush = wp_cache_get( 'gd_system_last_cache_flush' );

		if ( false === $local_flush || $local_flush < $master_flush ) {

			wp_cache_flush( true );

			wp_cache_set( 'gd_system_last_cache_flush', $current_time );

		}

	}

	/**
	 * Start default implementation of object cache
	 */

	if ( ! defined( 'WP_APC_KEY_SALT' ) ) {

		define( 'WP_APC_KEY_SALT', '' );

	}

	function wp_cache_add( $key, $data, $group = '', $expire = 0 ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		if ( 'transient' == $group ) {
			wpaas_save_transient( $key, $data, $expire );

			return $wp_object_cache->add( "_transient_$key", $data, 'options', $expire );
		} elseif ( 'site-transient' == $group ) {
			wpaas_save_transient( $key, $data, $expire, true );

			return $wp_object_cache->add( "_site_transient_$key", $data, 'site-options', $expire );
		} else {
			return $wp_object_cache->add( $key, $data, $group, $expire );
		}
	}

	function wp_cache_incr( $key, $n = 1, $group = '' ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		return $wp_object_cache->incr2( $key, $n, $group );
	}

	function wp_cache_decr( $key, $n = 1, $group = '' ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		return $wp_object_cache->decr( $key, $n, $group );
	}

	function wp_cache_close() {
		return true;
	}

	function wp_cache_delete( $key, $group = '' ) {
		global $wp_object_cache, $wpdb;

		if ( 'transient' == $group ) {
			if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
				$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"DELETE FROM `{$wpdb->prefix}options` WHERE option_name IN ( %s, %s );",
						"_transient_{$key}",
						"_transient_timeout_{$key}"
					)
				);
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
			}

			$wp_object_cache->delete( "_transient_timeout_$key", 'options' );

			// Update alloptions
			$alloptions = $wp_object_cache->get( 'alloptions', 'options' );
			unset( $alloptions["_transient_$key"] );
			unset( $alloptions["_transient_timeout_$key"] );
			$wp_object_cache->set( 'alloptions', $alloptions, 'options' );

			return $wp_object_cache->delete( "_transient_$key", 'options' );
		} elseif ( 'site-transient' == $group ) {
			if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
				$table = $wpdb->options;
				if ( is_multisite() ) {
					$table = $wpdb->sitemeta;
				}
				$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
				$wpdb->query(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"DELETE FROM `{$table}` WHERE option_name IN ( %s, %s );",
						"_transient_{$key}",
						"_transient_timeout_{$key}"
					)
				);
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
			}
			$wp_object_cache->delete( "_transient_timeout_$key", 'site-options' );

			// Update alloptions
			$alloptions = $wp_object_cache->get( 'alloptions', 'options' );
			unset( $alloptions["_site_transient_$key"] );
			unset( $alloptions["_site_transient_timeout_$key"] );
			$wp_object_cache->set( 'alloptions', $alloptions, 'options' );

			return $wp_object_cache->delete( "_site_transient_$key", 'site-options' );
		}

		return $wp_object_cache->delete( $key, $group );
	}

	function wp_cache_flush( $local_flush = false ) {
		global $wp_object_cache, $wpdb;

		if ( ! $local_flush ) {
			if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
				$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
				$wpdb->query( "INSERT INTO `{$wpdb->options}` (`option_name`, `option_value`, `autoload`) VALUES ( 'gd_system_last_cache_flush', UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ), 'no' ) ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE `option_name` = VALUES ( `option_name` ), `option_value` = VALUES ( `option_value` ), `autoload` = VALUES ( `autoload` );" );
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
			}
		}

		return $wp_object_cache->flush();
	}

	function wp_cache_get( $key, $group = '', $force = false ) {
		global $wp_object_cache, $wpdb;

		if ( 'transient' == $group ) {
			$alloptions = $wp_object_cache->get( 'alloptions', 'options' );
			if ( isset( $alloptions["_transient_$key"] ) && isset( $alloptions["_transient_timeout_$key"] ) && $alloptions["_transient_timeout_$key"] > time() ) {
				return maybe_unserialize( $alloptions["_transient_$key"] );
			}
			$transient = $wp_object_cache->get( "_transient_$key", 'options', $force );
			$timeout   = $wp_object_cache->get( "_transient_timeout_$key", 'options', $force );
			if ( false !== $transient && ! empty( $timeout ) && $timeout > time() ) {
				return maybe_unserialize( $transient );
			}
			if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
				$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
				$result = $wpdb->get_results(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"SELECT option_name, option_value FROM `{$wpdb->options}` WHERE option_name IN ( %s, %s ) UNION SELECT 'current_time', UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) AS option_value;",
						"_transient_{$key}",
						"_transient_timeout_{$key}"
					),
					ARRAY_A
				);
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
				if ( ! empty( $result ) ) {
					$transient    = false;
					$timeout      = false;
					$current_time = time();
					foreach ( $result as $row ) {
						switch ( $row['option_name'] ) {
							case "_transient_$key" :
								$transient = $row['option_value'];
								break;
							case "_transient_timeout_$key" :
								$timeout = $row['option_value'];
								break;
							case 'current_time' :
								$current_time = $row['option_value'];
								break;
						}
					}
					if ( false !== $transient && ! empty( $timeout ) && $timeout > $current_time ) {
						return maybe_unserialize( $transient );
					}
				}
			}

			return false;
		} elseif ( 'site-transient' == $group ) {
			$transient = $wp_object_cache->get( "_site_transient_$key", 'options', $force );
			$timeout   = $wp_object_cache->get( "_site_transient_timeout_$key", 'options', $force );
			if ( false !== $transient && ! empty( $timeout ) && $timeout > time() ) {
				return maybe_unserialize( $transient );
			}
			if ( ! empty( $wpdb ) && $wpdb instanceof wpdb ) {
				$table = $wpdb->options;
				if ( is_multisite() ) {
					$table = $wpdb->sitemeta;
				}
				$flag = $wpdb->suppress_errors;
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( true );
				$result = $wpdb->get_results(
					$wpdb->prepare(
						"SELECT option_name, option_value FROM `{$table}` WHERE option_name IN ( %s, %s ) UNION SELECT 'current_time', UNIX_TIMESTAMP( NOW() ) AS option_value;",
						"_site_transient_{$key}",
						"_site_transient_timeout_{$key}"
					),
					ARRAY_A
				);
				$wpdb->suppress_errors( $flag );
				if ( ! empty( $result ) ) {
					$transient    = false;
					$timeout      = false;
					$current_time = time();
					foreach ( $result as $row ) {
						switch ( $row['option_name'] ) {
							case "_site_transient_$key" :
								$transient = $row['option_value'];
								break;
							case "_site_transient_timeout_$key" :
								$timeout = $row['option_value'];
								break;
							case 'current_time' :
								$current_time = $row['option_value'];
								break;
						}
					}
					if ( false !== $transient && ! empty( $timeout ) && $timeout > $current_time ) {
						return maybe_unserialize( $transient );
					}
				}
			}

			return false;
		} else {
			return $wp_object_cache->get( $key, $group, $force );
		}
	}

	function wp_cache_init() {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		if ( mt_rand( 1, 100 ) == 42 ) {

			wpaas_prune_transients();

		}

		add_action( 'muplugins_loaded', 'wpaas_init_sync_cache' );

		$wp_object_cache = new APCu_Object_Cache();

	}

	function wp_cache_replace( $key, $data, $group = '', $expire = 0 ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		return $wp_object_cache->replace( $key, $data, $group, $expire );
	}

	function wp_cache_set( $key, $data, $group = '', $expire = 0 ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		if ( defined( 'WP_INSTALLING' ) == false ) {
			if ( 'transient' == $group ) {
				return wpaas_save_transient( $key, $data, $expire );
			} elseif ( 'site-transient' == $group ) {
				return wpaas_save_transient( $key, $data, $expire, true );
			} else {
				return $wp_object_cache->set( $key, $data, $group, $expire );
			}
		} else {
			return $wp_object_cache->delete( $key, $group );
		}
	}

	function wp_cache_switch_to_blog( $blog_id ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		return $wp_object_cache->switch_to_blog( $blog_id );
	}

	function wp_cache_add_global_groups( $groups ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		$wp_object_cache->add_global_groups( $groups );
	}

	function wp_cache_add_non_persistent_groups( $groups ) {
		global $wp_object_cache;

		$wp_object_cache->add_non_persistent_groups( $groups );
	}

	class GD_APCu_Object_Cache {

		private $prefix = '';
		private $local_cache = array();
		private $global_groups = array();
		private $non_persistent_groups = array();
		private $multisite = false;
		private $blog_prefix = '';

		public function __construct() {
			global $table_prefix;

			$this->multisite   = is_multisite();
			$this->blog_prefix = $this->multisite ? get_current_blog_id() . ':' : '';
			$this->prefix      = DB_HOST . '.' . DB_NAME . '.' . $table_prefix;
		}

		private function get_group( $group ) {
			return empty( $group ) ? 'default' : $group;
		}

		private function get_key( $group, $key ) {
			if ( $this->multisite && ! isset( $this->global_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				return $this->prefix . '.' . $group . '.' . $this->blog_prefix . ':' . $key;
			} else {
				return $this->prefix . '.' . $group . '.' . $key;
			}
		}

		public function add( $key, $data, $group = 'default', $expire = 0 ) {
			$group = $this->get_group( $group );
			$key   = $this->get_key( $group, $key );

			if ( function_exists( 'wp_suspend_cache_addition' ) && wp_suspend_cache_addition() ) {
				return false;
			}
			if ( isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) ) {
				return false;
			}
			// FIXME: Somehow apcu_add does not return false if key already exists
			if ( ! isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) && apcu_exists( $key ) ) {
				return false;
			}

			if ( is_object( $data ) ) {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = clone $data;
			} else {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = $data;
			}

			if ( ! isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				return apcu_add( $key, $data, (int) $expire );
			}

			return true;
		}

		public function add_global_groups( $groups ) {
			if ( is_array( $groups ) ) {
				foreach ( $groups as $group ) {
					$this->global_groups[ $group ] = true;
				}
			} else {
				$this->global_groups[ $groups ] = true;
			}
		}

		public function add_non_persistent_groups( $groups ) {
			if ( is_array( $groups ) ) {
				foreach ( $groups as $group ) {
					$this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] = true;
				}
			} else {
				$this->non_persistent_groups[ $groups ] = true;
			}
		}

		public function decr( $key, $offset = 1, $group = 'default' ) {
			if ( $offset < 0 ) {
				return $this->incr( $key, abs( $offset ), $group );
			}

			$group = $this->get_group( $group );
			$key   = $this->get_key( $group, $key );

			if ( isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) && $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] - $offset >= 0 ) {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] -= $offset;
			} else {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = 0;
			}

			if ( isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				return $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ];
			} else {
				$value = apcu_dec( $key, $offset );
				if ( $value < 0 ) {
					apcu_store( $key, 0 );

					return 0;
				}

				return $value;
			}
		}

		public function delete( $key, $group = 'default', $force = false ) {
			$group = $this->get_group( $group );
			$key   = $this->get_key( $group, $key );

			unset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] );
			if ( ! isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				return apcu_delete( $key );
			}

			return true;
		}

		public function flush() {
			$this->local_cache = array();
			// TODO: only clear our own entries
			apcu_clear_cache();

			return true;
		}

		public function get( $key, $group = 'default', $force = false, &$found = null ) {
			$group = $this->get_group( $group );
			$key   = $this->get_key( $group, $key );

			if ( ! $force && isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) ) {
				$found = true;
				if ( is_object( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) ) {
					return clone $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ];
				} else {
					return $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ];
				}
			} elseif ( isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				$found = false;

				return false;
			} else {
				$value = @apcu_fetch( $key, $found );
				if ( $found ) {
					if ( $force ) {
						$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = $value;
					}

					return $value;
				} else {
					return false;
				}
			}
		}

		public function incr2( $key, $offset = 1, $group = 'default' ) {
			if ( $offset < 0 ) {
				return $this->decr( $key, abs( $offset ), $group );
			}

			$group = $this->get_group( $group );
			$key   = $this->get_key( $group, $key );

			if ( isset( $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] ) && $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] + $offset >= 0 ) {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] += $offset;
			} else {
				$this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ] = 0;
			}

			if ( isset( $this->non_persistent_groups[ $group ] ) ) {
				return $this->local_cache[ $group ][ $key ];
			} else if ( function_exists( 'apcu_inc' ) ) {
				$value = apcu_inc( $key, $offset );
				if ( $value < 0 ) {
					apcu_store( $key, 0 );

					return 0;
				}

				return $value;
			}

			return false;
		}

		public function replace( $key, $data, $group = 'default', $expire = 0 ) {
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	<title>Архивы Austria - Old Pictures</title>
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	<item>
		<title>Vienna in 1945: Noteworthy pictures from soviet archives</title>
		<link>https://oldpics.net/vienna-in-1945-noteworthy-pictures-from-soviet-archives/</link>
					<comments>https://oldpics.net/vienna-in-1945-noteworthy-pictures-from-soviet-archives/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Piper]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 22 Sep 2020 08:51:55 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Stories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[1940s]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Austria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vienna]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WW2]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://oldpics.net/?p=5447</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Soviet troops captured Vienna in 1945 after the bloody and exhausting battle. Allies signed two related documents in July, and these agreements...</p>
<p>Сообщение <a rel="nofollow" href="https://oldpics.net/vienna-in-1945-noteworthy-pictures-from-soviet-archives/">Vienna in 1945: Noteworthy pictures from soviet archives</a> появились сначала на <a rel="nofollow" href="https://oldpics.net">Old Pictures</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><img loading="lazy" class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-5456" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Soviet-troops-tried-to-promote-Communism-and-the-USSR-leader-Joseph-Stalin-as-hard-as-they-could.jpg" alt="Soviet troops tried to promote Communism (and the USSR leader Joseph Stalin) as hard as they could" width="1280" height="796" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Soviet-troops-tried-to-promote-Communism-and-the-USSR-leader-Joseph-Stalin-as-hard-as-they-could.jpg 1280w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Soviet-troops-tried-to-promote-Communism-and-the-USSR-leader-Joseph-Stalin-as-hard-as-they-could-300x187.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Soviet-troops-tried-to-promote-Communism-and-the-USSR-leader-Joseph-Stalin-as-hard-as-they-could-1024x637.jpg 1024w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Soviet-troops-tried-to-promote-Communism-and-the-USSR-leader-Joseph-Stalin-as-hard-as-they-could-768x478.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Soviet-troops-tried-to-promote-Communism-and-the-USSR-leader-Joseph-Stalin-as-hard-as-they-could-360x224.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px" />Soviet troops captured Vienna in 1945 after the bloody and exhausting battle. Allies signed two related documents in July, and these agreements defined the split of the Austrian capital between the Allies for the next decade. Yes, they divided Berlin in the same way, but there was one huge difference. Soviet agreed to leave Vienna in ten years.</span></p>
<h3>Read more: <a href="https://oldpics.net/a-family-murder-in-vienna-1945/">A family murder in Vienna, 1945</a></h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">You had to have an ID card to move between the occupation zones. These cards had info on four languages ​​- German, English, French, and Russian. It explained who you were, why you have this card, and why you need to cross the limitation line. The card was invalid if missing one of eleven seals from the authorities of each of the four occupying administrations.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Western occupation zones borders were removed very soon, but not the Soviet one. Moreover, citizens of Vienna&#8217;s western zones of occupation registered their trip to the Russian-controlled zone as an overseas trip.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Soviet troops left the Austrian territories in June 1954. Austrians remember many things from that period (mostly negative, and here&#8217;s’ why there were so many <a href="https://oldpics.net/berlin-wall-escape-september-1961/">escapes from the Soviet occupation zone. Again, like in Berlin</a>). They’re keeping hundreds of photographs in the archives. We selected some noteworthy pictures of Vienna of the first year of occupation, 1945, as they seemed more interesting.</span></p>
<h3>Read more: <a href="https://oldpics.net/100-most-important-pictures-in-history/">100 most important pictures in history</a></h3>
<div id="attachment_5457" style="width: 1290px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-5457" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-5457" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/The-building-where-Russian-administration-was-located.jpg" alt="The building where Russian administration was located" width="1280" height="927" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/The-building-where-Russian-administration-was-located.jpg 1280w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/The-building-where-Russian-administration-was-located-300x217.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/The-building-where-Russian-administration-was-located-1024x742.jpg 1024w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/The-building-where-Russian-administration-was-located-768x556.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/The-building-where-Russian-administration-was-located-360x261.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px" /><p id="caption-attachment-5457" class="wp-caption-text">The building where the Russian administration was located</p></div>
<div id="attachment_5448" style="width: 1290px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-5448" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-5448" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/A-tram-with-picture-of-Lenin.-It-supposed-to-convert-austrians-to-socialism.jpg" alt="A tram with picture of Lenin. It supposed to convert austrians to socialism" width="1280" height="864" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/A-tram-with-picture-of-Lenin.-It-supposed-to-convert-austrians-to-socialism.jpg 1280w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/A-tram-with-picture-of-Lenin.-It-supposed-to-convert-austrians-to-socialism-300x203.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/A-tram-with-picture-of-Lenin.-It-supposed-to-convert-austrians-to-socialism-1024x691.jpg 1024w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/A-tram-with-picture-of-Lenin.-It-supposed-to-convert-austrians-to-socialism-768x518.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/A-tram-with-picture-of-Lenin.-It-supposed-to-convert-austrians-to-socialism-360x243.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px" /><p id="caption-attachment-5448" class="wp-caption-text">A tram with a picture of Lenin. It is supposed to convert Austrians to socialism.</p></div>
<div id="attachment_5451" style="width: 1290px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-5451" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-5451" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Russians-brought-a-bear-to-Vienna-in-1945.jpg" alt="Russians brought a bear to Vienna in 1945" width="1280" height="948" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Russians-brought-a-bear-to-Vienna-in-1945.jpg 1280w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Russians-brought-a-bear-to-Vienna-in-1945-300x222.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Russians-brought-a-bear-to-Vienna-in-1945-1024x758.jpg 1024w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Russians-brought-a-bear-to-Vienna-in-1945-768x569.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Russians-brought-a-bear-to-Vienna-in-1945-360x267.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px" /><p id="caption-attachment-5451" class="wp-caption-text">Russians once brought a bear to the Zoo Vienna in 1945</p></div>
<div id="attachment_5455" style="width: 1290px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-5455" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-5455" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Soviet-officers-with-the-local-ortodox-priest.jpg" alt="Soviet officers with the local ortodox priest" width="1280" height="873" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Soviet-officers-with-the-local-ortodox-priest.jpg 1280w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Soviet-officers-with-the-local-ortodox-priest-300x205.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Soviet-officers-with-the-local-ortodox-priest-1024x698.jpg 1024w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Soviet-officers-with-the-local-ortodox-priest-768x524.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Soviet-officers-with-the-local-ortodox-priest-360x246.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px" /><p id="caption-attachment-5455" class="wp-caption-text">Soviet officers with the local orthodox priest</p></div>
<div id="attachment_5454" style="width: 961px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-5454" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-5454" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Soviet-officers-dancing.jpg" alt="Soviet officers dancing" width="951" height="1280" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Soviet-officers-dancing.jpg 951w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Soviet-officers-dancing-223x300.jpg 223w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Soviet-officers-dancing-761x1024.jpg 761w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Soviet-officers-dancing-768x1034.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Soviet-officers-dancing-360x485.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 951px) 100vw, 951px" /><p id="caption-attachment-5454" class="wp-caption-text">Soviet officers dancing</p></div>
<div id="attachment_5460" style="width: 1290px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-5460" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-5460" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Two-female-soldiers-from-the-Soviet-contingent-in-Vienna-1945.jpg" alt="Two female soldiers from the Soviet contingent in Vienna, 1945" width="1280" height="853" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Two-female-soldiers-from-the-Soviet-contingent-in-Vienna-1945.jpg 1280w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Two-female-soldiers-from-the-Soviet-contingent-in-Vienna-1945-300x200.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Two-female-soldiers-from-the-Soviet-contingent-in-Vienna-1945-1024x682.jpg 1024w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Two-female-soldiers-from-the-Soviet-contingent-in-Vienna-1945-768x512.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Two-female-soldiers-from-the-Soviet-contingent-in-Vienna-1945-360x240.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px" /><p id="caption-attachment-5460" class="wp-caption-text">Two female soldiers from the Soviet contingent in Vienna, 1945</p></div>
<div id="attachment_5458" style="width: 666px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-5458" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-5458" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/The-dining-room-in-the-soviet-barracks-Vienna-1945.jpg" alt="The dining room in the soviet barracks, Vienna, 1945" width="656" height="798" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/The-dining-room-in-the-soviet-barracks-Vienna-1945.jpg 656w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/The-dining-room-in-the-soviet-barracks-Vienna-1945-247x300.jpg 247w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/The-dining-room-in-the-soviet-barracks-Vienna-1945-360x438.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 656px) 100vw, 656px" /><p id="caption-attachment-5458" class="wp-caption-text">The dining room in the soviet barracks, Vienna, 1945</p></div>
<div id="attachment_5459" style="width: 1290px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-5459" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-5459" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/The-wardrobe-room-of-the-soviet-army-commanders.jpg" alt="The wardrobe room of the soviet army commanders" width="1280" height="966" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/The-wardrobe-room-of-the-soviet-army-commanders.jpg 1280w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/The-wardrobe-room-of-the-soviet-army-commanders-300x226.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/The-wardrobe-room-of-the-soviet-army-commanders-1024x773.jpg 1024w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/The-wardrobe-room-of-the-soviet-army-commanders-768x580.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/The-wardrobe-room-of-the-soviet-army-commanders-360x272.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px" /><p id="caption-attachment-5459" class="wp-caption-text">The wardrobe room of the soviet army commanders</p></div>
<div id="attachment_5453" style="width: 1290px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-5453" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-5453" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Some-propaganda-pictures-of-the-soviet-soldiers-at-the-restaurant-in-Vienna-1945.jpg" alt="Some propaganda pictures of the soviet soldiers at the restaurant in Vienna, 1945" width="1280" height="924" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Some-propaganda-pictures-of-the-soviet-soldiers-at-the-restaurant-in-Vienna-1945.jpg 1280w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Some-propaganda-pictures-of-the-soviet-soldiers-at-the-restaurant-in-Vienna-1945-300x217.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Some-propaganda-pictures-of-the-soviet-soldiers-at-the-restaurant-in-Vienna-1945-1024x739.jpg 1024w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Some-propaganda-pictures-of-the-soviet-soldiers-at-the-restaurant-in-Vienna-1945-768x554.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Some-propaganda-pictures-of-the-soviet-soldiers-at-the-restaurant-in-Vienna-1945-360x260.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px" /><p id="caption-attachment-5453" class="wp-caption-text">Some propaganda pictures of the soviet soldiers at the restaurant, 1945</p></div>
<div id="attachment_5452" style="width: 1290px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-5452" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-5452" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Russians-tried-to-bring-its-singers-to-attract-more-austrians.jpg" alt="Russians tried to bring its singers to attract more austrians" width="1280" height="879" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Russians-tried-to-bring-its-singers-to-attract-more-austrians.jpg 1280w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Russians-tried-to-bring-its-singers-to-attract-more-austrians-300x206.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Russians-tried-to-bring-its-singers-to-attract-more-austrians-1024x703.jpg 1024w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Russians-tried-to-bring-its-singers-to-attract-more-austrians-768x527.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Russians-tried-to-bring-its-singers-to-attract-more-austrians-360x247.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px" /><p id="caption-attachment-5452" class="wp-caption-text">Russians tried to bring its singers to attract more Austrians</p></div>
<div id="attachment_5450" style="width: 863px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-5450" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-5450" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Proclaiming-the-pro-communists-speeches.jpg" alt="Proclaiming the pro-communist's speeches" width="853" height="1207" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Proclaiming-the-pro-communists-speeches.jpg 853w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Proclaiming-the-pro-communists-speeches-212x300.jpg 212w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Proclaiming-the-pro-communists-speeches-724x1024.jpg 724w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Proclaiming-the-pro-communists-speeches-768x1087.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Proclaiming-the-pro-communists-speeches-360x509.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 853px) 100vw, 853px" /><p id="caption-attachment-5450" class="wp-caption-text">Proclaiming the pro-communist&#8217;s speeches</p></div>
<div id="attachment_5449" style="width: 1290px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-5449" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-5449" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/In-1945-Vienna-was-split-on-occupation-zones-just-as-it-was-in-Berlin.jpg" alt="In 1945 Vienna was split on occupation zones, just as it was in Berlin" width="1280" height="957" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/In-1945-Vienna-was-split-on-occupation-zones-just-as-it-was-in-Berlin.jpg 1280w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/In-1945-Vienna-was-split-on-occupation-zones-just-as-it-was-in-Berlin-300x224.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/In-1945-Vienna-was-split-on-occupation-zones-just-as-it-was-in-Berlin-1024x766.jpg 1024w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/In-1945-Vienna-was-split-on-occupation-zones-just-as-it-was-in-Berlin-768x574.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/In-1945-Vienna-was-split-on-occupation-zones-just-as-it-was-in-Berlin-360x269.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px" /><p id="caption-attachment-5449" class="wp-caption-text">In 1945 Vienna was split into occupation zones, just as it was in Berlin</p></div>
<p>Сообщение <a rel="nofollow" href="https://oldpics.net/vienna-in-1945-noteworthy-pictures-from-soviet-archives/">Vienna in 1945: Noteworthy pictures from soviet archives</a> появились сначала на <a rel="nofollow" href="https://oldpics.net">Old Pictures</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
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			</item>
		<item>
		<title>A family murder in Vienna, 1945</title>
		<link>https://oldpics.net/a-family-murder-in-vienna-1945/</link>
					<comments>https://oldpics.net/a-family-murder-in-vienna-1945/#respond</comments>
		
		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Carol Pearson]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 25 Aug 2020 16:08:19 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Photo of a day]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[1940s]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Austria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Vienna]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WW2]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>It&#8217;s another famous photograph by Evgeny Khaldei, the author of the legendary photo &#8220;The flag over the Reichstag.&#8221; This shot is not so...</p>
<p>Сообщение <a rel="nofollow" href="https://oldpics.net/a-family-murder-in-vienna-1945/">A family murder in Vienna, 1945</a> появились сначала на <a rel="nofollow" href="https://oldpics.net">Old Pictures</a>.</p>
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<p><span style="font-weight: 400;"><img loading="lazy" class="aligncenter  wp-image-4792" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/A-family-murder-in-Vienna-1945-.jpg" alt="A family murder in Vienna, 1945" width="901" height="592" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/A-family-murder-in-Vienna-1945-.jpg 700w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/A-family-murder-in-Vienna-1945--300x197.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/A-family-murder-in-Vienna-1945--360x237.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 901px) 100vw, 901px" />It&#8217;s another famous photograph by Evgeny Khaldei, the author of the legendary photo <a href="https://oldpics.net/raising-a-flag-over-the-reichstag-by-yevgeniy-khaldei1945/">&#8220;The flag over the Reichstag</a>.&#8221; This shot is not so monumental, but it&#8217;s also a fascinating one. Khaldei took this photo of the family murder in April 1945 in Vienna. It depicts a dead Austrian family, watched by living Russian officers. </span></p>
<p><a href="https://oldpics.net/bizarre-ww2-photos/">Check the most Bizarre WWII photos</a>.</p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">A killer shot a mother and her two children: a teenage boy and a girl, whose body was lying a little further away. Their father killed them.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Evgeny Khaldei recalled the story of this photograph: &#8220;I went to the park near the parliament building to film the columns of soldiers passing by. And I saw this picture. A woman was sitting on a bench, killed by two shots &#8211; in the head and neck; next to her is a dead teenager of about fifteen and a girl. The corpse of the father of the family was a little further away. He had a gold NSDAP badge on his lapel, and a revolver was lying next to him. Soon a witness of this Vienna murder approached the photographer and the officers. He told them that the German first killed his family and then shot himself.</span></p>
<div id="attachment_5598" style="width: 1210px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-5598" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-5598" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Haldey-Vienna.jpg" alt="A different angle, murder in Vienna" width="1200" height="789" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Haldey-Vienna.jpg 1200w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Haldey-Vienna-300x197.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Haldey-Vienna-1024x673.jpg 1024w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Haldey-Vienna-768x505.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Haldey-Vienna-360x237.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /><p id="caption-attachment-5598" class="wp-caption-text">A different angle of the murder in Vienna, 1945</p></div>
<p>After the Soviet army captured Vienna, the nine-year occupation period started. The city was split between the allies, and the Russians maintained a strict borders control regime. Here you can check some noteworthy archive photos from Vienna&#8217;s <a href="https://oldpics.net/vienna-in-1945-noteworthy-pictures-from-soviet-archives/">Soviet occupation zone, taken in the 1940s.</a></p>
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<p>Сообщение <a rel="nofollow" href="https://oldpics.net/a-family-murder-in-vienna-1945/">A family murder in Vienna, 1945</a> появились сначала на <a rel="nofollow" href="https://oldpics.net">Old Pictures</a>.</p>
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		<title>Serbia in WW1: photos and facts</title>
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		<dc:creator><![CDATA[Andrew Piper]]></dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Thu, 30 Jul 2020 12:13:20 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Stories]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[1910s]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Austria]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Germany]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Russia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Serbia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[WW1]]></category>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>WW1 is a significant chapter in the History of Serbia. This young Slavic state was in the middle of historical events from...</p>
<p>Сообщение <a rel="nofollow" href="https://oldpics.net/serbia-in-ww1-photos-and-facts/">Serbia in WW1: photos and facts</a> появились сначала на <a rel="nofollow" href="https://oldpics.net">Old Pictures</a>.</p>
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<div id="attachment_4535" style="width: 944px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4535" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-4535" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Serbian-and-Imperial-Russian-officers-are-having-lunch-on-the-front-1916..jpg" alt="Serbian and Imperial Russian officers are having lunch on the front, 1916." width="934" height="534" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Serbian-and-Imperial-Russian-officers-are-having-lunch-on-the-front-1916..jpg 934w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Serbian-and-Imperial-Russian-officers-are-having-lunch-on-the-front-1916.-300x172.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Serbian-and-Imperial-Russian-officers-are-having-lunch-on-the-front-1916.-768x439.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Serbian-and-Imperial-Russian-officers-are-having-lunch-on-the-front-1916.-360x206.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 934px) 100vw, 934px" /><p id="caption-attachment-4535" class="wp-caption-text">Serbian and Russian officers are having breakfast on the front, 1916.</p></div>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">WW1 is a significant chapter in the History of Serbia. This young Slavic state was in the middle of historical events from the first days of the war. WW1 started when the Austro-Hungarian Empire declared war on Serbia. It happened right after 19-year old Serbin Gavrila Princip triggered the action: assassinated Franz Ferdinand, the prince of Austria. The young revolutionary couldn&#8217;t even imagine what kind of historical tornado he called in his home country. Serbia desperately fought till the last day of WW1, losing at least a quarter of its population dead or lost. </span></p>
<div id="attachment_4539" style="width: 671px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4539" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-4539" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/The-uniform-of-Archduke-Franz-Ferdinand-from-1914-whose-assassination-triggered-the-outbreak-of-World-War-I.jpg" alt="The uniform of Archduke Franz Ferdinand from 1914, whose assassination triggered the outbreak of World War I" width="661" height="821" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/The-uniform-of-Archduke-Franz-Ferdinand-from-1914-whose-assassination-triggered-the-outbreak-of-World-War-I.jpg 661w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/The-uniform-of-Archduke-Franz-Ferdinand-from-1914-whose-assassination-triggered-the-outbreak-of-World-War-I-242x300.jpg 242w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/The-uniform-of-Archduke-Franz-Ferdinand-from-1914-whose-assassination-triggered-the-outbreak-of-World-War-I-360x447.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 661px) 100vw, 661px" /><p id="caption-attachment-4539" class="wp-caption-text">The uniform of Archduke Franz Ferdinand from 1914, whose assassination triggered the outbreak of World War I</p></div>
<h3>Long way to independence</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Serbia covered a long way to its independence from the Osman Empire. Serbians initiated three uprisings against the Muslim rulers at the begging of the 19th century. As a result, the sultan recognized Milos Obrenoviche as a ruler of Serbia in 1815. But the formal independence came in 1878, after the war between Russia and the Osman Empire.</span></p>
<div id="attachment_4530" style="width: 650px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4530" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-4530" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Gavrilo-Princips-parents-if-front-of-their-house-early-1900s.jpg" alt="Gavrilo Princip's parents if front of their house, early 1900s" width="640" height="690" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Gavrilo-Princips-parents-if-front-of-their-house-early-1900s.jpg 640w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Gavrilo-Princips-parents-if-front-of-their-house-early-1900s-278x300.jpg 278w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Gavrilo-Princips-parents-if-front-of-their-house-early-1900s-360x388.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /><p id="caption-attachment-4530" class="wp-caption-text">Gavrilo Princip&#8217;s parents in front of their house, the early 1900s</p></div>
<h3>Serbia was independent, but not satisfied by the beginning of WW1.</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">While gaining independence, a lot of Serbians dreamed of uniting all of the south Slavic people under the rule of Belgrade. Some of those Slavic territories were a part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Vien set the region on fire, supporting numerous conflicts between Slavic states of Balkan region during <a href="https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/austria-hungary-declares-war-on-serbia">so-called Balkan wars of 1912-1913</a></span></p>
<div id="attachment_4531" style="width: 601px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4531" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-4531" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/King-Peter-I-of-Serbia-centre-right-in-conversation-with-with-his-Prime-Minister-Nikola-Pašić-centre-left-during-WWI.jpg" alt="King Peter I of Serbia (centre right) in conversation with with his Prime Minister, Nikola Pašić (centre left), during WWI" width="591" height="692" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/King-Peter-I-of-Serbia-centre-right-in-conversation-with-with-his-Prime-Minister-Nikola-Pašić-centre-left-during-WWI.jpg 591w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/King-Peter-I-of-Serbia-centre-right-in-conversation-with-with-his-Prime-Minister-Nikola-Pašić-centre-left-during-WWI-256x300.jpg 256w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/King-Peter-I-of-Serbia-centre-right-in-conversation-with-with-his-Prime-Minister-Nikola-Pašić-centre-left-during-WWI-360x422.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 591px) 100vw, 591px" /><p id="caption-attachment-4531" class="wp-caption-text">King Peter I of Serbia (center right) in conversation with his Prime Minister, Nikola Pašić (center left), during WWI</p></div>
<h3>How one revolutionary from Serbia could start WW1</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">There&#8217;s a historical fact that WW1 started right after Gavrilo Princip murdered Franz Ferdinand in Sarajevo in 1914. But the truth is that WW1 had to begin in one way or another. Austro-Hungary was preparing for it, Germany was preparing for it&#8230; Countries of Antanta did so too. It was a matter of time.</span></p>
<div id="attachment_4532" style="width: 650px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4532" loading="lazy" class="wp-image-4532 size-full" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/King-Peter-I-of-Serbia-1914.jpg" alt="Peter, King of Serbia at the beginning of WW1, 1914" width="640" height="853" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/King-Peter-I-of-Serbia-1914.jpg 640w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/King-Peter-I-of-Serbia-1914-225x300.jpg 225w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/King-Peter-I-of-Serbia-1914-360x480.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /><p id="caption-attachment-4532" class="wp-caption-text">Peter, King of Serbia at the beginning of WW1, 1914</p></div>
<h3>A poor start…</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The first weeks of WW1 had brought some mixed success to the army of Serbia. Combat operations in this sector of the front went on with varying success. After winning some battles in August 1914, including the one in the region of the Tser ridge, Serbians couldn&#8217;t resist overwhelming Austria. The Austrian troops took the Serbian capital in November 1914, despite the active help from Russian and French soldiers.</span></p>
<div id="attachment_4540" style="width: 650px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4540" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-4540" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Throne-room-in-the-Royal-Palace-in-Belgrade-Kingdom-of-Serbia-October-1915.jpg" alt="Throne room in the Royal Palace in Belgrade, Kingdom of Serbia, October 1915" width="640" height="764" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Throne-room-in-the-Royal-Palace-in-Belgrade-Kingdom-of-Serbia-October-1915.jpg 640w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Throne-room-in-the-Royal-Palace-in-Belgrade-Kingdom-of-Serbia-October-1915-251x300.jpg 251w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Throne-room-in-the-Royal-Palace-in-Belgrade-Kingdom-of-Serbia-October-1915-360x430.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /><p id="caption-attachment-4540" class="wp-caption-text">The throne room in the Royal Palace in Belgrade, Kingdom of Serbia, October 1915</p></div>
<h3>A king of Serbia in the trenches of WW1</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">King Peter joined the army of Serbia in November 1914. He couldn&#8217;t act like <a href="https://oldpics.net/trench-raiders-wearing-gas-masks-during-ww1/">french trench raiders</a>, but he managed to ignite the inner fire in his troops that suffered poor morale. Peter ordered a new offensive. Serbian started it on December 3, 1914. During the 12 days of fighting on the river Kolubare and river Drina, they defeated the Austro-Hungarian troops. On December 15, the Serbians took Belgrade back. Not a single Austro-Hungarian soldier remained on Serbian territory; more than 50 thousand prisoners were captured, 126 cannons, 70 machine guns, and many other trophies.</span></p>
<div id="attachment_4533" style="width: 970px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4533" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-4533" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Mobilized-Austro-Hungarian-troops-sent-across-Sarajevo-for-Serbia-1914..jpg" alt="Mobilized Austro-Hungarian troops sent across Sarajevo for Serbia, 1914." width="960" height="492" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Mobilized-Austro-Hungarian-troops-sent-across-Sarajevo-for-Serbia-1914..jpg 960w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Mobilized-Austro-Hungarian-troops-sent-across-Sarajevo-for-Serbia-1914.-300x154.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Mobilized-Austro-Hungarian-troops-sent-across-Sarajevo-for-Serbia-1914.-768x394.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Mobilized-Austro-Hungarian-troops-sent-across-Sarajevo-for-Serbia-1914.-360x185.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px" /><p id="caption-attachment-4533" class="wp-caption-text">Mobilized Austro-Hungarian troops sent across Sarajevo for Serbia, 1914.</p></div>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The fails of 1915</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Serbia passed through two major historical blows during the battles of WW1 in 1915. It all started when the German forces joined the Austro-Hungarians in October 1915. Austro-Hungarian and German troops suppressed the fierce resistance of Serbians and retook Belgrade on October 9. Serbs retreated to the south.</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">The second blow came from the Balkanian brothers. On October 14, Bulgaria entered WW1 on the side of Germany. Bulgarians invaded Serbia on the morning of the next day.</span></p>
<div id="attachment_4526" style="width: 970px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4526" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-4526" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/71-year-old-Peter-King-of-Serbia-crossing-the-Drim-river-during-the-retreat-of-the-Serbian-Army-in-December-1915-.jpg" alt="71-year-old Peter, King of Serbia, crossing the Drim river during the retreat of the Serbian Army in December 1915" width="960" height="594" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/71-year-old-Peter-King-of-Serbia-crossing-the-Drim-river-during-the-retreat-of-the-Serbian-Army-in-December-1915-.jpg 960w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/71-year-old-Peter-King-of-Serbia-crossing-the-Drim-river-during-the-retreat-of-the-Serbian-Army-in-December-1915--300x186.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/71-year-old-Peter-King-of-Serbia-crossing-the-Drim-river-during-the-retreat-of-the-Serbian-Army-in-December-1915--768x475.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/71-year-old-Peter-King-of-Serbia-crossing-the-Drim-river-during-the-retreat-of-the-Serbian-Army-in-December-1915--360x223.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px" /><p id="caption-attachment-4526" class="wp-caption-text">King of Serbia while crossing the Drim river during the retreat of the Serbian Army in December 1915</p></div>
<div id="attachment_4525" style="width: 970px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4525" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-4525" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/71-year-old-Peter-I-King-of-Serbia-retreats-across-Jankova-gorge-November-1915.jpg" alt="" width="960" height="532" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/71-year-old-Peter-I-King-of-Serbia-retreats-across-Jankova-gorge-November-1915.jpg 960w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/71-year-old-Peter-I-King-of-Serbia-retreats-across-Jankova-gorge-November-1915-300x166.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/71-year-old-Peter-I-King-of-Serbia-retreats-across-Jankova-gorge-November-1915-768x426.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/71-year-old-Peter-I-King-of-Serbia-retreats-across-Jankova-gorge-November-1915-360x200.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px" /><p id="caption-attachment-4525" class="wp-caption-text">71-year-old Peter I, King of Serbia, retreats across Jankova gorge, November 1915</p></div>
<h3>An Italian retreat</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Lost battles forced the French command to transport the Serbian army to Italy, and then to Tunisia. Serbian units restructured there and subsequently returned to the front. This relocation required massive naval support. The helping hand came from France and England.</span></p>
<div id="attachment_4527" style="width: 610px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4527" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-4527" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Austro-Hungarian-soldiers-executing-men-and-women-in-Serbia-1916..jpg" alt="Austro-Hungarian soldiers executing men and women in Serbia, 1916." width="600" height="335" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Austro-Hungarian-soldiers-executing-men-and-women-in-Serbia-1916..jpg 600w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Austro-Hungarian-soldiers-executing-men-and-women-in-Serbia-1916.-300x168.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Austro-Hungarian-soldiers-executing-men-and-women-in-Serbia-1916.-360x201.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px" /><p id="caption-attachment-4527" class="wp-caption-text">Austro-Hungarian soldiers executing men and women in Serbia, 1916.</p></div>
<div id="attachment_4528" style="width: 970px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4528" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-4528" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Austro-Hungarian-troops-executing-captured-Serbians-1917.jpg" alt="Austro-Hungarian troops executing captured Serbians, 1917" width="960" height="535" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Austro-Hungarian-troops-executing-captured-Serbians-1917.jpg 960w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Austro-Hungarian-troops-executing-captured-Serbians-1917-300x167.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Austro-Hungarian-troops-executing-captured-Serbians-1917-768x428.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Austro-Hungarian-troops-executing-captured-Serbians-1917-360x201.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px" /><p id="caption-attachment-4528" class="wp-caption-text">Austro-Hungarian troops executing captured Serbians, 1917</p></div>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Serbs continue to fight on the Thessaloniki front</span></p>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Serbs continued resistance in Albania on the so-called Thessaloniki front. France reinforced the Serbians with their divisions in May 1916. In total, the Serbian troops numbered 130,000 people. The allied forces in the Balkans reached 300,000.</span></p>
<div id="attachment_4529" style="width: 650px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4529" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-4529" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Captain-of-the-Serbian-army.-A-veteran-of-7-wars-again-on-the-front-with-his-3-sons.-WW1-1915.jpg" alt="Captain of the Serbian army. A veteran of 7 wars, again on the front with his 3 sons. WW1, -1915" width="640" height="690" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Captain-of-the-Serbian-army.-A-veteran-of-7-wars-again-on-the-front-with-his-3-sons.-WW1-1915.jpg 640w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Captain-of-the-Serbian-army.-A-veteran-of-7-wars-again-on-the-front-with-his-3-sons.-WW1-1915-278x300.jpg 278w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Captain-of-the-Serbian-army.-A-veteran-of-7-wars-again-on-the-front-with-his-3-sons.-WW1-1915-360x388.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px" /><p id="caption-attachment-4529" class="wp-caption-text">Captain of the Serbian army. A veteran of 7 wars, again on the front with his three sons. WW1 -1915</p></div>
<h3>Long-awaited victory</h3>
<p><span style="font-weight: 400;">Antanta troops received significant superiority by the end of the summer of 1918. They initiated a new offensive with extensive<a href="https://oldpics.net/history-of-ww1-gas-masks-in-photos/"> usage of gas attacks</a> on the Thessaloniki front. Demoralized Bulgaria could overcome this defeat and capitulate on September 29. Serbian army victoriously entered Belgrade on October 18, 1918. It was a new glorious page in Serbian history &#8211; Belgrade became the capital of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (since 1929 &#8211; Yugoslavia).</span></p>
<div id="attachment_4536" style="width: 760px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4536" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-4536" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Serbian-soldier-holding-his-dead-brother.-Battle-of-Kaymakchalan-Serbia-12.09.1916-WWI.jpg" alt="Serbian soldier holding his dead brother. Battle of Kaymakchalan, Serbia 12.09.1916 WWI" width="750" height="678" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Serbian-soldier-holding-his-dead-brother.-Battle-of-Kaymakchalan-Serbia-12.09.1916-WWI.jpg 750w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Serbian-soldier-holding-his-dead-brother.-Battle-of-Kaymakchalan-Serbia-12.09.1916-WWI-300x271.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Serbian-soldier-holding-his-dead-brother.-Battle-of-Kaymakchalan-Serbia-12.09.1916-WWI-360x325.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 750px) 100vw, 750px" /><p id="caption-attachment-4536" class="wp-caption-text">Serbian soldier holding his dead brother. Battle of Kaymakchalan, Serbia 12.09.1916 WWI</p></div>
<div id="attachment_4537" style="width: 778px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4537" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-4537" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Serbian-soldier-on-his-only-sons-grave-also-soldier-WW1.-Serbia-lost-25-of-population-1-million-killed_died-including-60-of-adult-male-population-in-a-war.jpg" alt="Serbian soldier on his only son's grave (also soldier), WW1. Serbia lost 25% of population (1 million killed_died), including 60% of adult male population in a war" width="768" height="440" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Serbian-soldier-on-his-only-sons-grave-also-soldier-WW1.-Serbia-lost-25-of-population-1-million-killed_died-including-60-of-adult-male-population-in-a-war.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Serbian-soldier-on-his-only-sons-grave-also-soldier-WW1.-Serbia-lost-25-of-population-1-million-killed_died-including-60-of-adult-male-population-in-a-war-300x172.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Serbian-soldier-on-his-only-sons-grave-also-soldier-WW1.-Serbia-lost-25-of-population-1-million-killed_died-including-60-of-adult-male-population-in-a-war-360x206.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /><p id="caption-attachment-4537" class="wp-caption-text">Serbian soldier on his only son&#8217;s grave (also a soldier), WW1. Serbia lost 25% of the population (1 million killed_died), including 60% of the adult male population in a war.</p></div>
<div id="attachment_4538" style="width: 970px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4538" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-4538" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Soldiers-of-the-1st-Bulgarian-Army-salute-a-column-of-German-soldiers-passing-through-Paraćin-Serbia-November-1915..jpg" alt="Soldiers of the 1st Bulgarian Army salute a column of German soldiers passing through Paraćin, Serbia, November, 1915." width="960" height="551" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Soldiers-of-the-1st-Bulgarian-Army-salute-a-column-of-German-soldiers-passing-through-Paraćin-Serbia-November-1915..jpg 960w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Soldiers-of-the-1st-Bulgarian-Army-salute-a-column-of-German-soldiers-passing-through-Paraćin-Serbia-November-1915.-300x172.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Soldiers-of-the-1st-Bulgarian-Army-salute-a-column-of-German-soldiers-passing-through-Paraćin-Serbia-November-1915.-768x441.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Soldiers-of-the-1st-Bulgarian-Army-salute-a-column-of-German-soldiers-passing-through-Paraćin-Serbia-November-1915.-360x207.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px" /><p id="caption-attachment-4538" class="wp-caption-text">Soldiers of the 1st Bulgarian Army salute a column of German soldiers passing through Paraćin, Serbia, in November 1915.</p></div>
<div id="attachment_4534" style="width: 970px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img aria-describedby="caption-attachment-4534" loading="lazy" class="size-full wp-image-4534" src="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Muslims-of-Serbian-Army-Laying-Oath-before-the-Mufti-of-Niš-Niš-Serbia-1915.jpg" alt="Muslims of Serbian Army Laying Oath before the Mufti of Niš (Niš, Serbia, 1915)" width="960" height="598" srcset="https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Muslims-of-Serbian-Army-Laying-Oath-before-the-Mufti-of-Niš-Niš-Serbia-1915.jpg 960w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Muslims-of-Serbian-Army-Laying-Oath-before-the-Mufti-of-Niš-Niš-Serbia-1915-300x187.jpg 300w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Muslims-of-Serbian-Army-Laying-Oath-before-the-Mufti-of-Niš-Niš-Serbia-1915-768x478.jpg 768w, https://oldpics.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/Muslims-of-Serbian-Army-Laying-Oath-before-the-Mufti-of-Niš-Niš-Serbia-1915-360x224.jpg 360w" sizes="(max-width: 960px) 100vw, 960px" /><p id="caption-attachment-4534" class="wp-caption-text">Muslims of the Serbian Army Laying Oath before the Mufti of Niš (Niš, Serbia, 1915)</p></div>
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